Chapter 5- words to know

Question 1

what is anorexia?

What is it often a sign of?

Answer 1

Lack of appetite

-Anorexia is often a sign of malignancy or liver disease.

Question 2

what is anorexia nervosa?

Answer 2

Loss of appetite associated with emotional problems such as anger, anxiety, and irrational fear of weight gain. It is an eating disorder.

Question 3

what is ascites?

Answer 3

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.

-This condition occurs when fluid passes from the bloodstream and collects in the peritoneal cavity. It can be a sign of neoplasm or inflammatory disorders in the abdomen, venous hypertension (high blood pressure) caused by liver disease (cirrhosis), or heart failure.

Question 4

What is the treatment for ascites?

Answer 4

administration of diuretic drugs and paracentesis to remove abdominal fluid.

Question 5

What is diarrhea?

What can happen if it severe and untreated?

Answer 5

frequent passage of loose watery stool

• abrupt onset of diarrhea immediately after eating suggests acute infection or toxin in the gastrointestinal tract
• if untreated it can lead to dehydration

Question 6

What is dysphagia?

Answer 6

bad swallowing?

Question 7

what is nausea?

Answer 7

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit

Question 8

what are some common causes of nausea?

Answer 8

• sea and motion sickness
• early pregnancy
• perforation (hole in a the wall) of an abdominal organ
• obstruction of a bile duct
• exposure to toxins

Question 9

What is aphthous stomatitis?

What is the common name for this?

Answer 9

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

-canker sores

Question 10

What is GERD?

What is the treatment for this?

Answer 10

gastroesphageal reflux disease

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

Treatment: drug treatment includes antacids (acid-suppressors) agents and medication to increase the tone of the LES.

Question 11

What is heartburn?

Answer 11

the burning sensation caused by regurgitation of hydrochloric acid from the stomach to the esophagus.

Question 12

What can cause reflux esophagatis?

Answer 12

chronic exposure to esophageal mucosa to gastric acid and pepsin

Question 13

What is an anal fistula?

Answer 13

Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

-The fistula often results from a break or fissure in the wall of the anus or rectum, or from an abscess (infected area) there

Question 14

What is Crohn’s disease?

Where is it commonly?

Answer 14

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

• Commonly in the ileum and colon
• Symptoms: diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, fever, anorexia, weakness, weight loss

Question 15

Crohns disease is a form of what?

Answer 15

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Question 16

What is the treatment for Crohns disease?

Answer 16

anastomosis and drugs that control inflammation ad other symptoms

Question 17

What is diverticulosis

Answer 17

Abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon

• symptoms are pain and rectal bleeding
• it treated with a liquid diet and oral antibiotics

Question 18

What is dysentery?

Answer 18

Painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

-occurs from the ingestion of water or food that contains bacteria

Question 19

What is ileus

Answer 19

loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

Question 20

What is cholelithiasis

Answer 20

gallstones in the gallbladder

*read more in book

Question 21

what is cirrhosis

Answer 21

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver
-it is typically the result of chronic alcoholism, viral hepatitis, or other causes. Lobes of the liver become scarred with fibrous tissue, hepatic cells degenerate, and the liver in infiltrated with fat.

Question 22

Describe pancreatitis

Answer 22

inflammation of the pancreas

-digestive enzymes attack pancreatic tissue and damage the gland

Question 23

What is viral hepatitis and what are the different types and describe them

Answer 23

it is inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

Hep A: benign disorder spread by contaminated food or water and chartacterized by slow onset of symptoms

Hep B: transmitted by blood infusion, sexual contact, or the use of contaminated needles. Sever infection can cause destruction of the liver cells. cirrhosis, pr death. A vaccine that provides immunity is available

Hep C: transmitted by blood transfusions or needle inoculation (such as among intravenous drug users sharing needles). The acute illness may progress to chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.