Chapter 5- words to know Flashcards
what is anorexia?
What is it often a sign of?
Lack of appetite
-Anorexia is often a sign of malignancy or liver disease.
what is anorexia nervosa?
Loss of appetite associated with emotional problems such as anger, anxiety, and irrational fear of weight gain. It is an eating disorder.
what is ascites?
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.
-This condition occurs when fluid passes from the bloodstream and collects in the peritoneal cavity. It can be a sign of neoplasm or inflammatory disorders in the abdomen, venous hypertension (high blood pressure) caused by liver disease (cirrhosis), or heart failure.
What is the treatment for ascites?
administration of diuretic drugs and paracentesis to remove abdominal fluid.
What is diarrhea?
What can happen if it severe and untreated?
frequent passage of loose watery stool
- abrupt onset of diarrhea immediately after eating suggests acute infection or toxin in the gastrointestinal tract
- if untreated it can lead to dehydration
What is dysphagia?
bad swallowing?
what is nausea?
Unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit
what are some common causes of nausea?
- sea and motion sickness
- early pregnancy
- perforation (hole in a the wall) of an abdominal organ
- obstruction of a bile duct
- exposure to toxins
What is aphthous stomatitis?
What is the common name for this?
Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers
-canker sores
What is GERD?
What is the treatment for this?
gastroesphageal reflux disease
Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach
Treatment: drug treatment includes antacids (acid-suppressors) agents and medication to increase the tone of the LES.
What is heartburn?
the burning sensation caused by regurgitation of hydrochloric acid from the stomach to the esophagus.
What can cause reflux esophagatis?
chronic exposure to esophageal mucosa to gastric acid and pepsin
What is an anal fistula?
Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
-The fistula often results from a break or fissure in the wall of the anus or rectum, or from an abscess (infected area) there
What is Crohn’s disease?
Where is it commonly?
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
- Commonly in the ileum and colon
- Symptoms: diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, fever, anorexia, weakness, weight loss
Crohns disease is a form of what?
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
What is the treatment for Crohns disease?
anastomosis and drugs that control inflammation ad other symptoms
What is diverticulosis
Abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon
- symptoms are pain and rectal bleeding
- it treated with a liquid diet and oral antibiotics
What is dysentery?
Painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection
-occurs from the ingestion of water or food that contains bacteria
What is ileus
loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
What is cholelithiasis
gallstones in the gallbladder
*read more in book
what is cirrhosis
Chronic degenerative disease of the liver
-it is typically the result of chronic alcoholism, viral hepatitis, or other causes. Lobes of the liver become scarred with fibrous tissue, hepatic cells degenerate, and the liver in infiltrated with fat.
Describe pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
-digestive enzymes attack pancreatic tissue and damage the gland
What is viral hepatitis and what are the different types and describe them
it is inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
Hep A: benign disorder spread by contaminated food or water and chartacterized by slow onset of symptoms
Hep B: transmitted by blood infusion, sexual contact, or the use of contaminated needles. Sever infection can cause destruction of the liver cells. cirrhosis, pr death. A vaccine that provides immunity is available
Hep C: transmitted by blood transfusions or needle inoculation (such as among intravenous drug users sharing needles). The acute illness may progress to chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
