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PT 201 > Chapter 11- words to know > Flashcards

Chapter 11- words to know Flashcards

1
Q

abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias) is known as what?

A

arrhythmias

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2
Q

What are three examples of cardiac arrhythmias?

A
  1. bradycardia and heart block
  2. flutter
  3. fibrillation
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3
Q

What is bradycardia and heart block? (atrioventricular block)

A

Failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His).

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4
Q

What is a flutter?

A

Rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria

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5
Q

What is fibrillation?

A

Very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute)

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6
Q

Abnormalities in the heart at birth are known as

A

congenital heart diseases

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7
Q

What are four types of congenital heart diseases?

describe them

A
  1. coarctation of the aorta (CoA)
    - narrowing of (coarctation) of the aorta
  2. patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
    - Passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth
  3. septal defects
    - small holes in the wall between the atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles (ventricular septal defects).
  4. tetralogy of Fallot
    - Congenital malformation involving four (tetra-) distinct heart defects
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8
Q

What is CHF and describe it

A

Congestive Heart Failure

Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

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9
Q

What is CAD and describe it

A

Coronary Artery Disease

Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart and is usually the result of atherosclerosis

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10
Q

What is endocarditis?

A

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

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11
Q

An extra heart sound heard between normal beats is referred to as a what?

A

murmur

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12
Q

inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart is known as what?

A

pericarditis

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13
Q

what is rheumatic heart disease?

A

Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

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14
Q

local widening (dilation of an arterial wall is known as a what?

A

aneurysm

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15
Q

What is hypertension?

A

High blood pressure

HTN

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16
Q

What is PAD? describe it

A

peripheral arterial disease

blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs

17
Q

What is Raynaud disease?

A

recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes

18
Q

What are varicose veins?

A

abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs

19
Q

What do lipid tests (lipid profile) measure?

A

cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a blood sample

20
Q

what is lipoprotein electrophoresis?

A

lipoproteins (combinations of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in a blood sample

21
Q

chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack is known as what?

A

cardiac biomarkers

22
Q

What is an angiography?

A

X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of a contrast material

23
Q

what is a Doppler ultrasound studies?

A

sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels

24
Q

What is an ECHO

A

echocardiography

echoes generated by high frequency sound waves produce images of the heart

25
Q

A thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or artery during……

A

cardiac catherization

26
Q

What is an electrocardiography?

A

recording the electricity flowing through the heart

27
Q

What is coronary artery bypass surgery?

what is its abbreviation?

A

artieries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages
(CABG)

28
Q

brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias

A

defibrillation

29
Q

What is endarterectomy?

A

surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery

30
Q

What is a percutaneous coronary intervention? (PCI)

A

Balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place

31
Q

What is thrombolytic therapy?

What is its abbreviation?

A

Drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis
tPA

32
Q

What does this definition describe:

An ECG device is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias

A

Holter Monitoring

33
Q

describe a stress test

A

exercise tolerance test (ETT) determines the heart’s response to physical exertion (stress)

PT 201 (23 decks)

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