Chapter 11- words to know Flashcards
abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias) is known as what?
arrhythmias
What are three examples of cardiac arrhythmias?
- bradycardia and heart block
- flutter
- fibrillation
What is bradycardia and heart block? (atrioventricular block)
Failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His).
What is a flutter?
Rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria
What is fibrillation?
Very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute)
Abnormalities in the heart at birth are known as
congenital heart diseases
What are four types of congenital heart diseases?
describe them
- coarctation of the aorta (CoA)
- narrowing of (coarctation) of the aorta - patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- Passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth - septal defects
- small holes in the wall between the atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles (ventricular septal defects). - tetralogy of Fallot
- Congenital malformation involving four (tetra-) distinct heart defects
What is CHF and describe it
Congestive Heart Failure
Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
What is CAD and describe it
Coronary Artery Disease
Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart and is usually the result of atherosclerosis
What is endocarditis?
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
An extra heart sound heard between normal beats is referred to as a what?
murmur
inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart is known as what?
pericarditis
what is rheumatic heart disease?
Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever
local widening (dilation of an arterial wall is known as a what?
aneurysm
What is hypertension?
High blood pressure
HTN
What is PAD? describe it
peripheral arterial disease
blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs
What is Raynaud disease?
recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes
What are varicose veins?
abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs
What do lipid tests (lipid profile) measure?
cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a blood sample
what is lipoprotein electrophoresis?
lipoproteins (combinations of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in a blood sample
chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack is known as what?
cardiac biomarkers
What is an angiography?
X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of a contrast material
what is a Doppler ultrasound studies?
sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels
What is an ECHO
echocardiography
echoes generated by high frequency sound waves produce images of the heart
A thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or artery during……
cardiac catherization
What is an electrocardiography?
recording the electricity flowing through the heart
What is coronary artery bypass surgery?
what is its abbreviation?
artieries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages
(CABG)
brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias
defibrillation
What is endarterectomy?
surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery
What is a percutaneous coronary intervention? (PCI)
Balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place
What is thrombolytic therapy?
What is its abbreviation?
Drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis
tPA
What does this definition describe:
An ECG device is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias
Holter Monitoring
describe a stress test
exercise tolerance test (ETT) determines the heart’s response to physical exertion (stress)
