chapter 10- words to know Flashcards
What is hydrocephalus?
Abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain
What is spina bifida?
Congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect)
What is Alzheimer disease?
Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia) personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning
What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?
Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem
Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder characterized by_____________
recurrent seizure activity
Huntingtons Disease is a hereditary disorder marked by_________
degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration
What is MS? describe it.
Multiple Sclerosis
destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue
What is myasthenia gravis?
Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles
Paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function) is known as________
palsy
What is Parkinson Disease?
Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors , weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement
inflammation of the meninges is known as
meningitis
what is the medical name for shingles?
describe what this is
herpes zoster
it is a viral infection affecting peripheral nerves
abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges is known as a_________
brain tumor
most brain tumors arise from _________ or the ________
glial cells (gliomas) meninges (meningiomas)
What are the types of gliomas?
astrocytoma
oligodendroglioma
ependymoma
the most malignant form of astrocytoma is known as
glioblastoma multiforme
What is the difference between cerebral concussion and cerebral contusion?
concussion is the type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head; while contusion is bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head
What is a cerebrovascular accident?
what is it commonly known as?
What is another name for it?
Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain
known as a stroke
also known as cerebral infarction
What are the three types of cerebrovascular accidents?
- ) Thrombotic
- ) Embolic
- ) Hemorrhagic
examing samples of cerebrospinal fluid is known as
cerebrospinal fluid analysis
What is a cerebral angiography?
X-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material
Computerized x-ray technique that generates multiple images of the brain and spinal cord is known as a……..
computed tomography (CT) of the brain
magnetic field and pulses of radiowave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord is known as a what?
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain
What is a positron emission tomography (PET) scan?
injecting radioactive glucose into the brain and detecting it to image the metabolic activity of the cells
What is an EEG?
describe it
electroencephalography
recording of the electrical activity of the brain
CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis
what does this describe?
Lumbar puncture (LP)
What is stereotactic radiosurgery?
Use of a specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain
