chapter 10- words to know

Question 1

What is hydrocephalus?

Answer 1

Abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain

Question 2

What is spina bifida?

Answer 2

Congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect)

Question 3

What is Alzheimer disease?

Answer 3

Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia) personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning

Question 4

What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?

Answer 4

Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem

Question 5

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder characterized by_____________

Answer 5

recurrent seizure activity

Question 6

Huntingtons Disease is a hereditary disorder marked by_________

Answer 6

degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration

Question 7

What is MS? describe it.

Answer 7

Multiple Sclerosis

destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue

Question 8

What is myasthenia gravis?

Answer 8

Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles

Question 9

Paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function) is known as________

Answer 9

palsy

Question 10

What is Parkinson Disease?

Answer 10

Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors , weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement

Question 11

inflammation of the meninges is known as

Answer 11

meningitis

Question 12

what is the medical name for shingles?

describe what this is

Answer 12

herpes zoster

it is a viral infection affecting peripheral nerves

Question 13

abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges is known as a_________

Answer 13

brain tumor

Question 14

most brain tumors arise from _________ or the ________

Answer 14

glial cells (gliomas)
meninges (meningiomas)

Question 15

What are the types of gliomas?

Answer 15

astrocytoma
oligodendroglioma
ependymoma

Question 16

the most malignant form of astrocytoma is known as

Answer 16

glioblastoma multiforme

Question 17

What is the difference between cerebral concussion and cerebral contusion?

Answer 17

concussion is the type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head; while contusion is bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head

Question 18

What is a cerebrovascular accident?
what is it commonly known as?
What is another name for it?

Answer 18

Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain
known as a stroke
also known as cerebral infarction

Question 19

What are the three types of cerebrovascular accidents?

Answer 19

1. ) Thrombotic
2. ) Embolic
3. ) Hemorrhagic

Question 20

examing samples of cerebrospinal fluid is known as

Answer 20

cerebrospinal fluid analysis

Question 21

What is a cerebral angiography?

Answer 21

X-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material

Question 22

Computerized x-ray technique that generates multiple images of the brain and spinal cord is known as a……..

Answer 22

computed tomography (CT) of the brain

Question 23

magnetic field and pulses of radiowave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord is known as a what?

Answer 23

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain

Question 24

What is a positron emission tomography (PET) scan?

Answer 24

injecting radioactive glucose into the brain and detecting it to image the metabolic activity of the cells

Question 25

What is an EEG?

describe it

Answer 25

electroencephalography

recording of the electrical activity of the brain

Question 26

CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis

what does this describe?

Answer 26

Lumbar puncture (LP)

Question 27

What is stereotactic radiosurgery?

Answer 27

Use of a specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain