Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Therapeutic Massage, Beck > Chapter 5 System 4 Circulatory System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 System 4 Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

The two divisions of the vascular system.

A

Cardiovascular (blood-vascular) system
Includes the blood, heart, and blood vessels

Lymphatic (lymph-vascular) system
Consists of lymph, lymph nodes, and lymphatics through which the lymph circulates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Is a network of structures including the heart, blood vessels, and blood that pumps and carries blood throughout the body

Closed circuit system that continuously circulated the blood throughout the body

In the capillaries there is a constant and extensive interchange of fluids and the substances they contain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pericardium

A

Is a double-layered membrane that encloses the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Epicardium

A

Is the protective outer layer of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Myocardium

A

Is the cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Endocardium

A

Is the thin, innermost layer of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The heart

A

Is a muscular, conical-shaped organ, about the size of a closed fist

Located in the chest cavity between the lungs and behind the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Contains a serous fluid so that the heart is supported in position and at the same time allowed to move frictionlessly as it continually pulsates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Septum

A

Is the wall that separates the heart’s chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Circulatory system

A

Or vascular system controls the circulation of the blood and lymph throughout the body by means of the heart, blood, and lymph vessels

The primary function of the circ system is to supply body cells with nutrient materials and carry away waste products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Try
Pulling
My
Aorta

A

Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Mitral valve or bicuspid valve
Aortic semilunar valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tricuspid valve

A

of the heart allows blood to flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pulmonary semilunar

A

of the heart directs blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bicuspid or mitral valve

A

of the heart allows blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

aortic semilunar valve

A

of the heart permits the blood to be pumped from the left ventricle into the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Order of blood vessels

A

arteries > arterioles > capillaries O2 >

venules CO2 > veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

arteries

A

are thick-walled muscular and elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

arterioles

A

small blood vessels between the arteries and the capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

capillaries

A

are the smallest blood vessels and connect arterioles with the venules

two-way transportation of substances

takes in O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

venules

A

are microscopic vessels that continue from the capillaries and merge to form veins

takes in co2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

veins

A

are thinner-walled blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood and waste-laden blood from capillaries back to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

all blood in arteries is O2 except ____ ____.

A

pulmonary artery (co2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

all blood in veins is co2 except ____ ____.

A

pulmonary vein (O2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

impulses from the vagus nerve and the sympathetic nervous system help to…

A

regulate the force of contraction and the heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
in a normal human adult, the heart beats about __ to __ times a minute.
60 to 80
26
aorta
is the main artery of the body
27
vasoconstriction
is the contraction of the arterial walls
28
vasodilation
is the relaxation and enlargement of the arterial walls
29
diffusion
is a process in which substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
30
blood vessels
the construction of all blood vessels, except the capillaries, are similar endothelium is the inner most layer of blood vessels the middle layer is smooth muscle the outer layer is tough, protective connective tissue the farther from the heart, the finer and more delicate the vessels become
31
capillary walls
are made up of only a single layer of simple squamous epithelium to allow the passage of nutrients and wastes from and into the bloodstream
32
how many miles of continuous blood vessels make up an adults circulatory system?
60,000 miles
33
the ____ and ____ have thicker walls than those of the ____ and ____.
arteries and arterioles veins and venules
34
what is the main artery of the body?
aorta
35
the smooth muscle tissue in the walls of the arteries and arterioles is
richly supplied with nerves from the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system
36
arteries vary in size from...
the aorta, which is about an inch in diameter the capillaries, which the walls are just a single cell thick and only large enough to pass one blood cell at a time
37
vasomotor nerves
cause the smooth muscles of the arterial walls to contract, reducing the diameter of the vessel. this action is called vasoconstriction
38
changes in the diameter of the vessels affect the ____ ____ and ____.
blood pressure and flow
39
what is the most important function of the capillaries?
the two-way transportation of substances between the flowing blood and the tissue fluids surrounding the cells.
40
how do substances move through the capillary walls?
by the process of diffusion, filtration, or osmosis. of these, diffusion is the most prevalent
41
filtration
is a process in which blood pressure pushes fluids and substances through the capillary wall and into the tissue spaces
42
venous pump
when muscles contact and exert external pressure on the veins, which tends to collapse them. As the vein is repeatedly collapsed, the blood is forced along through the system of valves toward the heart. massage strokes are very effective at encouraging the blood to move through the veins and therefore should always be directed to follow the venous blood flow toward the heart.
43
what are the main sources of blood supply to the head, face, and neck?
the common carotid arteries
44
the blood is in constant circulation. what are the two systems involved in circulation?
pulmonary and systemic
45
pulmonary circulation
is the blood circulation from the heart to the lungs and back again to the heart
46
general or systemic circulation
is the blood circulation from the left side of the heart throughout the body and back again to the heart
47
the course that blood travels
``` superior and inferior vena cava > right atrium or auricle > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary semilunar valve > pulmonary arteries > lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium or auricle > bicuspid or mitral valve > left ventricle > aortic semilunar valve > aorta > major arteries of the body expect the lungs > arterioles > capillaries (drops off nutrients, and picks up waste) > venules > veins > REPEAT ```
48
atherosclerosis
is characterized by an accumulation of plaque (fatty deposits) on the inner walls of the arteries there are really no outward symptoms until it has progressed to the point that a related condition appears
49
arteriosclerosis
walls tend to thicken, become fibrous, and lose their elasticity
50
what increases the chances of developing atherosclerosis?
``` family history high blood pressure high cholesterol level sedentary lifestyle smoking ```
51
occlusion of a coronary artery is common and results in
angina pectoris or heart attack or myocardial infarction
52
thrombus
blood clot
53
embolus
blood clot breaks free
54
stroke
embolism (blood clot) in the brain
55
heart attack
embolism (blood clot) in the heart Myocardial infarction Due to atherosclerosis, narrowed vessels, or an embolism Seriousness depends on location and the extent of tissue damage Symptoms; pressure or arching around the heart, often radiating into the left arm, back, and jaw Nearly 50% of people die before getting to the hospital Contraindicated in acute stage Rehab with physician
56
pulmonary embolism
embolism (blood clot) in the lungs
57
persons with advanced or diagnosed atherosclerosis
circulatory massage is contraindicated
58
phlebitis
is an inflammation of a vein that can result from injury, surgery, or infection symptoms include pain and inflammation along the course of the vein and swelling
59
thrombophlebitis
signifies the presence of a blood clot (thrombus) in an inflamed vein usually occur in lower extremities and can affect the superficial or deep veins vein is tender to the touch and feels like a hard cord
60
aneurysm
is a local distention or ballooning of an artery from a weakening wall most common in the abdominal or thoracic cavity occasionally in the cranium usually asymptomatic but can cause feeling of pressure, pain, or edema, depending on location. can cause internal bleeding massage is contraindicated
61
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
stroke caused by a disturbance in the cerebral circulation can be cause by an embolism, atherosclerosis, hemorrhage, or a ruptured aneurysm symptoms vary according to the area of the brain affected; unilateral weakness, paralysis, numbness, confusion, blurred or double vision. partial to full paralysis to one side of the body, possible memory loss, vision loss, loss speech, changed personality massage in the acute stage is contraindicated can help in rehab under physicians supervision 25% no lasting effects 50% result in some physical impairment 25% of strokes are fatal
62
what are the stroke stats?
25% no lasting effects 50% result in some physical impairment 25% of strokes are fatal
63
Varicose veins
Protruding, bulbous, distended superficial veins, particularly in the lower legs Prolonged standing or blockage causes veins to enlarge and stretch Often results in edema Contraindicated, lightest massage
64
Hematoma
Bruise is superficial Is a mass of blood trapped in some tissue or cavity of the body and is the result of internal bleeding Contraindicated during acute stages
65
Edema
Is a condition of excess fluid in the interstitial spaces Characterized by swelling of the tissues because of excess fluid Associated with a weakened heart, congested liver, chemical imbalance, or a local injury or infection Local contradiction
66
The blood
Is the nutritive fluid circulating throughout the blood-vascular system Salty and sticky, has an alkaline reaction Maintains temperature of 98.6°f (37°c) 11 pints of blood*** 1/16 - 1/20 of body weight = pints of blood Skin can hold as much as 50% of blood in the body
67
Chief functions of blood
Carries water, oxygen, food, and secretions to all areas of the body Carries away co2 and waste products to excretory channels Helps equalize body temp Aids in protecting the body from harmful bacteria and infections (white blood cells) It coagulates (clots)
68
Composition of blood
Liquid connective tissue consisting of a fluid component (blood plasma) and a solid component that consists of red corpsucles, white corpuscles, and blood platelets Plasma constitutes from 50-60% of the blood volume
69
Red blood cell
Red corpuscles Erythrocyte Double concave disk-shaped cells colored with a substance called hemoglobin Hemoglobin carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and transport co2 from cells to the lungs Formed in the red bone marrow Account for about 98% of blood cells
70
White blood cell
White corpuscles Leukocyte Larger in size, colorless, shape shift Produced in the spleen, lymph nodes, red bone marrow Most importantly, they protect the body against disease by combating different infectious and toxic agents. Engulf and digest harmful elements
71
Hemeglobin
An iron-protein compound in red blood cells capable of carrying oxygen from the lungs to the cells and co2 from the cells
72
Phagocytosis
Is a process in which leukocytes engulf and digest harmful bacteria
73
Immune system
Helps to protect the body and keep it safe from pathogens and disease
74
Blood platelets
Thrombocytes Are colorless irregular bodies, much smaller than red corpuscles Formed in the red bone marrow Play an important role in clotting of the blood
75
Serotonin
Platelets release serotonin, which is a vasoconstrictor that causes a vascular spasm that temporarily closed the blood vessel
76
Fibrin
Tissue damage causes an enzyme to be released that acts on one of the components in the plasma (fibrogen) to activate and form threads of fibrin Forms mesh work Which entrap other platelets and blood cells in a blood clot
77
Plasma
Fluid component of the blood Straw like in color Red and white corpuscles, platelets are suspended ~90% of plasma is water 7% proteins 1.5% other substances Regulated fluid imbalance and pH Transport nutrients and gases Derived from food and water
78
Hemophilia
Is a disease characterized by extremely slow clotting of blood and excessive bleeding from even very slight cuts Hereditary Men are chief sufferers, women can transmit this condition to their sons
79
Anemia
Several conditions in which there is a rapid loss or inadequate production of red blood cells. Results in a lack of body strength and paleness More of a symptom of a condition than an actual disease
80
Different types of anemia (5)
``` Nutritional anemia Pernicious anemia Hemorrhagic anemia Aplastic anemia Sickle cell anemia ```
81
Nutritional anemia
Can be due to dietary deficiencies of iron, folic acid, or B12
82
Pernicious anemia
X

Therapeutic Massage, Beck (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions