Chapter 5 System 2 Skeletal System

Question 1

epiphysis

Answer 1

is an enlarged area on the ends of long bones that articulate with other bones

Question 2

articular cartilage

Answer 2

is a layer of hyaline cartilage covering the end surface of the epiphysis

Question 3

diaphysis

Answer 3

is the bone shaft between the epiphyses

Question 4

periosteum

Answer 4

is a fibrous membrane that functions to protect the bone and serves as an attachment of tendons and ligamnets

Question 5

the skeletal system is composed of? (3)

Answer 5

bones
cartilage
ligaments

Question 6

the 5 main functions of the skeletal system are?

Answer 6

framework
protect internal organs and tissue
attachment points
manufacture blood cells
store minerals; calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium, sodium

Question 7

what is the composition of bone?

Answer 7

1/3 animal matter; bone cells, blood vessels, connective tissues, marrow

2/3 mineral or earthly matter

Question 8

what are the 5 types of bone in the body?

Answer 8

flat - skull, pelvis, and ribs
long - legs, arms, fingers, toes
short - carpals and tarsals
irregular - vertebrae
sesamoid - patella

Question 9

compact bone tissue

Answer 9

forms the hard bone found in the shafts of long bones and along the outside of flat bones

Question 10

cancellous bone

Answer 10

located inside long bones and flat bones, consists of irregularly shaped spaces defined by thin. bony plates

Question 11

medullary cavity

Answer 11

is a hollow chamber formed in the shaft of long bones that is filled with yellow bone marrow

Question 12

marrow

Answer 12

is the connective tissue filling in the cavities of bones that forms red and white blood cells

Question 13

for proper bone growth and hardening of bony structures, the diet should consist of an adequate amount of what?

Answer 13

calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D

Question 14

axial skeleton

Answer 14

is made up of bones of the skull, thorax, vertebral column, and the hyoid bone

Question 15

appendicular skeleton

Answer 15

is made up of bones of the shoulder, upper extremities, hips, and lower extremities

Question 16

how many bones does the human adult have?

Answer 16

206

Question 17

SADISM

Answer 17

Synarthrotic - immovable
Amphiarthrotic - slightly movable
Diarthrotic - movable

Question 18

synovial membrane

Answer 18

a connective tissue membrane lining cavities and capsules in and around joints that produce synovial fluid

Question 19

fibrous joint

Answer 19

have no space and are held together by fibrous connective tissue

Question 20

cartilaginous joints

Answer 20

are joints held together with cartilage with no joint cavity

Question 21

synovial joints

Answer 21

are freely movable joints with a joint cavity surrounded by an articular capsule

Question 22

ligaments

Answer 22

are bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones to bones

Question 23

bursae

Answer 23

fibrous sacks lined with synovial membrane and lubricated with synovial fluid, functioning as a cushion in areas of pressure

Question 24

what are the 5 types of joints?

Answer 24

pivot joints - neck and atlast, radius and ulna
glidding joint - spine, tarsals, carpals
ball and socket joint - hip and shoulder
hinge joint - elbow, knee
saddle joint - thumb

Question 25

sprain

Answer 25

is an injury to a joint resulting in stretching or tearing of the ligament