Chapter 4 Overview; Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

Physiology

Answer 1

Is the science and study of the vital processes, mechanisms, and functions of an organ or system

Question 2

Kinesiology

Answer 2

Is the scientific study of muscular activity and the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics of body movement

Question 3

Pathology

Answer 3

Is the study of the structural and functional changes caused by disease

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

Is the internal balance of the body

Question 5

Disease

Answer 5

Is an abnormal and unhealthy state of all or part of the body wherein it is incapable of carrying on its normal function

Question 6

Symptom

Answer 6

Is subjective evidence of disease or bodily disorder

Question 7

Sign (of disease)

Answer 7

Is an observable indication of disease or bodily disorder

Question 8

Stress

Answer 8

Is any psychological or physical situation or condition that causes tension or strain

Question 9

Adrenal glands

Answer 9

Situated on the top of each kidney

Produce; epinephrine, norepinephrine, and corticosteroids

Fight or flight hormones

Works in conjunction with the pituitary and the hypothalamus

Question 10

Atherosclerosis

Answer 10

Is characterized by an accumulation of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the arteries

Question 11

Pain

Answer 11

Is the result of stimulation of specialized nerve endings called nociceptors.

It has a primarily protective function in that it warns of tissue damage or destruction somewhere in the body

Question 12

Ischemia

Answer 12

Is localized tissue anemia caused by obstruction of the inflow of blood

Question 13

Pain-spasm-pain cycle

Answer 13

Pain causes muscle contraction and ischemia, thereby causing a spasm that causes more pain

Question 14

Bacteria

Answer 14

Are minute, unicellular organisms exhibiting both plant and animal characteristics and are classified as either harmless or harmful

Question 15

Virus

Answer 15

Is any class of submicroscopic pathogenic agents that transmit disease

Question 16

Fungus

Answer 16

Is a diverse group of organisms potentially capable of causing disease that thrive or grow in wet or damp areas and live by absorbing nutrients from organic matter

Question 17

Parasite

Answer 17

Is an organism that can potentially cause disease that exists and functions at the expense of a host organism without contributing to the survival of the host

Question 18

Local infection

Answer 18

Is invading organism confined to a small area of the body

Question 19

Systemic infection

Answer 19

Is invading organisms that have spread throughout the body

Question 20

Inflammation

Answer 20

Is a protective tissue response characterized by swelling, redness, heat, and pain

Question 21

Fever

Answer 21

Is an elevated body temperature

In sudden onset or fever greater than 102° get immediate attention

Fevers 106°-108° can cause damage or even death

Question 22

Leukocytes

Answer 22

White blood cells

Question 23

Phagocytes

Answer 23

Engulf and digest the invading organisms and the damaged tissue debris (phagocytosis)

Question 24

Fibroblasts

Answer 24

Connective tissue cells

Migrate to the area and produce connective tissue fibers that begin to span the wound, providing a structure for regenerating vascular and epithelial tissue

Question 25

Scar

Answer 25

A dense fibrous tissue that forms as an injury, wound, burn, or sore heals

Question 26

Wellness

Answer 26

Is a concept where people take personal responsibility for their own physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual state of health -5 0 5 Severe illness. Ok. Optimal health

Question 27

History of medical terminology goes back nearly...

Answer 27

2,000 years

Question 28

Anatomy

Answer 28

Is the study of the gross structure of the body and the interrelations of its parts