Chapter 5 Anatomy And Physiology

Question 1

morphology

Answer 1

is the science or study of the structure of an organism or body

Question 2

atoms

Answer 2

consist of subatomic particles that all substances are composed of.

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen

Question 3

cells

Answer 3

are basic functional units of all living matter

epithelial cell
nerve cell
muscle cell

Question 4

tissues

Answer 4

are collections of similar cells that carry out specific bodily functions

epithelial tissues
nerve tissues
muscle tissues
connective tissues

Question 5

organs

Answer 5

a combination of tissues and cells that form a complex structure to perform a certain function within the system

lung
brain
stomach
kidney

Question 6

organ system

Answer 6

is several organs working together to perform a bodily function

respiratory system
nervous system
digestive system
circulatory system

Question 7

protoplasm

Answer 7

is a colorless, jelly like substance in which food elements, such as protein, fats, carbs, mineral salts, and water are present

Question 8

molecules

Answer 8

atoms arranged in specific patterns and structures

sugars
proteins
water

Question 9

organelles

Answer 9

mitochondrian
nucleus
ribosome

Question 10

cytoplasm

Answer 10

is all of the substance within the cell wall other than the nucleus

Question 11

nucleus

Answer 11

the main central body of living cells that contains the genetic information for continuing life

Question 12

living cells differ from each other by… (4)

Answer 12

size, shape, structure, function

Question 13

cell membrane

Answer 13

permits soluble substances to enter and leave the protoplasm

Question 14

cytoplasmic organelles

Answer 14

discrete structures within a cell, having specialized functions, identifying molecule structures, and a distinctive chemical composition

Question 15

differentiation

Answer 15

is the repeated division of the ovum during early developmental stages. resulting in specialized cells that differ from one another

Question 16

mitosis

Answer 16

is the process of cell division in which a cell divides into two cells identical to the parent cell

Question 17

IPMAT

Answer 17

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 18

meiosis

Answer 18

is cell division that takes place in the sex organs of animals to produce the egg and sperm required for fertilization, and in which the resultant cells have only one half the number of hereditary chromosomes as the parent cell

Question 19

the activity of the cells can be divide into what 3 categories?

Answer 19

vegetative,
growth and reproduction
specilaized

Question 20

metabolism

Answer 20

is the process taking place in living organisms whereby the cells are nourished and carry out their activities

Question 21

anabolism

Answer 21

is the process of building up of larger molecules from smaller ones

Question 22

catabolism

Answer 22

is the breaking down of larger substances into smaller ones

Question 23

enzymes

Answer 23

are proteins that act as catalysts for chemical reactions in metabolism while remaining unchanged themselves

Question 24

adenosine triphosphate

Answer 24

ATP

a molecule that stores energy in the body and releases it when it breaks down into adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Question 25

endoderm

Answer 25

innermost layer of cells of the zygote

Question 26

mesoderm

Answer 26

middle layer of cells of the zygote

Question 27

ectoderm

Answer 27

outermost layer of cells of the zygote

Question 28

epithelial tissue

Answer 28

is a protective layer that functions in the processes of absorption, excretion, secretion, and protection

Question 29

the classifications of epithelial tissue (3)

Answer 29

squamous - flat cuboidal - small cube shape columnar - tall or rectangular

Question 30

skeletal membrane

Answer 30

covers bone and cartilage

Question 31

periosteum

Answer 31

is a fibrous membrane that functions to protect the bone and serves as an attachment of tendons and ligaments

Question 32

perichondrium

Answer 32

is the membrane covering cartilage

Question 33

synovial membrane

Answer 33

is a connective tissue membrane lining cavities and capsules in and around joints

Question 34

skeletal muscles

Answer 34

are attached to bone by tendons and are responsible for moving the limbs, fascial expression, speaking, and other voluntary movements

Question 35

voluntary muscles

Answer 35

are skeletal muscles that can be activated by conscious effort

Question 36

smooth muscle tissue

Answer 36

lacks striations and cannot be stimulated to contract by conscious effort

Question 37

mucous membrane

Answer 37

produces mucus, a thick, sticky substance that acts as a protectant and lubricant lines the surfaces of body cavities and canals that lead out of the body. respiratory and digestive

Question 38

serous membrane

Answer 38

produces serous fluid, a watery substance that also acts as a lubricant lines the closed body cavities in the body cavities is a special epithelial tissue called mesothelium also little or no friction

Question 39

what are the three major serous membranes?

Answer 39

pleura encases the lungs pericardium around the heart peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity

Question 40

cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 40

occurs only in the heart and is responsible for pumping blood through the heart into the blood vessels

Question 41

nervous tissue

Answer 41

is composed of neurons; it initiates, controls, and coordinates the body's adaptation to its surroundings

Question 42

neuron

Answer 42

is the structural unit of the nervous system

Question 43

areolar tissue

Answer 43

is loose connective tissue that binds the skin to the underlying tissues and fills the spaces between the muscles

Question 44

superficial fascia

Answer 44

refers to the connective tissue layer between the skin and those structures underlying the skin

Question 45

adipose tissue

Answer 45

is areolar tissue with an abundance of fat cells

Question 46

reticular tissue

Answer 46

is composed of fibers that form the framework of the liver and lymphoid organs

Question 47

dense connective tissue

Answer 47

is composed of collagen and elastin fibers that are closely arranged to form tendons and ligaments

Question 48

tendons

Answer 48

are bands that attach muscle to bone

Question 49

ligaments

Answer 49

ligabone are bands or fibrous tissue that connect bones to bones

Question 50

fascia

Answer 50

fibrous connective tissue that forms a network throughout the body, surrounding every structure to support, seperate, and give shape to the body

Question 51

deep fascia

Answer 51

envelops and permeates the skeletal muscles. | refers to the fibrous tissue sheaths that penetrate deep into the body separating muscle groups

Question 52

fibrocartilage

Answer 52

is found between the vertebrae and pubic symphysis

Question 53

bone tissue

Answer 53

is connective tissue in which the intercellular substance is rendered hard by mineral salts, chiefly calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate

Question 54

hyaline cartilage

Answer 54

contains little fibrous tissue and is made up of cells embedded in a somewhat translucent matrix nose trachea ends of bones movable joints

Question 55

elastic cartilage

Answer 55

is the most resilient of cartilages external ear larynx and similar structures

Question 56

liquid connective tissue

Answer 56

blood lymph interstitial fluid