Chapter 5: Personality and Values Flashcards
personality
the sum of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others. personality is influenced both by genetics and environment
measuring personality
people use inventories/tests, and they use self-report surveys (self-report is most common), both of which can be skewed
heredity
factors determined at conception; one’s biological, physiological, and inherent psychological make up. personality is more flexible at a younger age and is more stable in adults
personality traits
enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior. the more consistent the characteristic over time and the more frequently it occurs in diverse situations, the more important the trait is in describing the individual
myers-briggs type indicator
a personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies people into one of 16 personality types. it measures extraverted vs introverted, sensing vs intuitive, thinking vs feeling, and judging vs perceiving
big five model
a personality assessment model that describes five basic dimensions of personality
conscientiousness
a personality dimension that describes someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized
emotional stability
a personality dimension that characterizes someone as calm, self confident, and secure (positive), versus nervous, depressed, and insecure (negative).
extraversion
a personality dimension describing someone is is sociable, gregarious, and assertive
openness to experience
a personality dimension that characterizes someone in terms of imagination, sensitivity, and curiosity
agreeableness
a personality dimension that describes someone who is good natured, cooperative, and trusting
conscientiousness at work
best predictor of job performance. that said, extremely conscientious people can be too deliberate and perfectionistic, resulting in diminished happiness and performance
emotional stability at work
most strongly related to life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and reduced burnout and intentions to quit
extraversion at work
perform better at jobs with significant interpersonal interaction. they are socially dominant who are generally assertive. some negatives are extraverts can appear egoistic, or too dominating and that their social behavior can be disadvantageous for jobs that do not require frequent social interaction
openness at work
open people tend to be the most creative and innovative compared with other traits. while openness isn’t related to initial performance on the job, individuals higher in openness are less susceptible to a decline in performance over a longer period of time
agreeableness at work
better liked than disagreeable people, they should perform well in interpersonally oriented jobs such as customer service. they experience less work-family conflict and are less to turnover