Chapter 5 - Language Development, Diversity and Immigrant Education Flashcards
To master a language, children must …
- read the intentions of others so they can acquire words, phrases & concepts
- find patterns in the ways other people use these words and phrases to construct the grammar of their language
Two processes support early language development
- Joint attention
- child-directed speach
Define Joint Attention
Occurs when child, caregiver or teacher attend same object or event at the same time
Define child-directed speach
- language characterized by short sentences, simple construction, exaggerated tones, baby talk
Define pragmatics
rules for when and how to use language to be an effective communicator in a particualr culture
Define metalinguistic awareness
understanding about one’s own use of language
Define critical periods
if learning does not happen within these periods, it never will
sensitive periods
times when a person is especially ready or responsive to certain experiences
Benefits of bilingualism
- increased cognitive abilities
- more advanced metalinguistic understanding of language
- better phoneme awareness & reading comprehension
Define balanced bilingualism
- learning a second language capability without losing your heritage language
- must maintain skills in both languages
code-switching
moving between two speech forms
Define cultural deficit model
- assumes some cultural backgrounds inhibit academic development
- rejected by educational psychologists
monolingual/literate students
literate in native language
- limited English
monolinguel/preliterate students
- not literate
- limited English
- need greatest support
limited bilingual
converse well in both languages but academically troubled
- learning disability / emotional problems