Chapter 3 - Self, Social & Moral Development

Question 1

emitional difficulties associated with early maturation

Answer 1

depression, anxiety, eating disorders

Question 2

possible impact of late-maturation in boys

Answer 2

lower self-esteme, tend to be more creative, tolerant, perceptive

Question 3

possible impact of early-maturation in boys

Answer 3

popularity, more delinquent behaviour

Question 4

benefits of play

Answer 4

contributes to cognitive, physical and social development

Question 5

concequences of obesity

Answer 5

diabetis, strain on bones and joings, respiratory problems

Question 6

bulimia and anorexia

Answer 6

bulimia - binge eating, followed by fasting, purging, exercise
anorexia nervosa - self-starvation

Question 7

Define context in the Bronfenbrenner social context for development

Answer 7

total setting or situation that surrounds and interacts with a person or event
- includes internal and external circumstances

Question 8

Describe Bronfenbrenner ‘s biological model

Answer 8

• theory describing nested social and cultural contexts that shape development. Every person develops within a microsystem, inside a mesosystem, embedded in an exosystem, all of which are part of the macrosystem of the culture

microsystem - immediate relationships and activities

• family, friends, teachers
• reciprocal relationships

mesosystem - set of interactions and relationships in microsystem
- also reciprocal

exosystem - social setting
- settings that affect the child, but child did not direct member (eg teacher relationship with administrator, parent’s job)

macrosystem - larger society
- values, laws, conventions, traditions

Question 9

Authoratative parenting style

Answer 9

• firm control, but warm
• expect mature behaviour
• give reasons for rules
• allow democratic decision-making
• less strict punishment, more guidance

Question 10

Authoratarian

Answer 10

• cold, controlling
• expect mature behaviour
• do what parents say
• strictm but not abusive
• not openly affectionate

Question 11

Permissive

Answer 11

• warm, little control
• few rules, consequences
• little expectation

Question 12

Rejecting / Neglecting Parents

Answer 12

• uninvolved
• focus on own needs
• react harshly to requests

Question 13

Which parenting style produces happy children?

Answer 13

Authoratitive

Question 14

Discuss the impact of authoritarian parenting.

Answer 14

• children do less well in school
• children are more hostile
• children have lower self-control

Question 15

Discuss the impact of permissive parenting

Answer 15

• children are immature, demanding, impulsive, rebellious, aggressive

Question 16

Discuss the impact of rejecting / neglecting prents

Answer 16

• children are insecure, non-compliant, aggressive, withdrawn

Question 17

Strategies to reach every student

Answer 17

• set clear limits
• be consistent
• enforce rules firmly, but not punitively
• respect children
• show genuine concern

Question 18

Define identity

Answer 18

• people’s sense of self, integrating all different aspects and roles of the self

Question 19

Define psychosocial

Answer 19

• relation of individuals’ emotional needs to the social environment

Question 20

Erikson’s psychosocial theory

Answer 20

• emphasized emergence of the self, search for identity, individual’s relationships with others and the role of culture throughout life

Question 21

Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development

Answer 21

• trust vs mistrust
• autonomy vs shame and doubt
• initiative vs guilt
• industry vs inferiority
• identity vs confusion
• intimacy vs isolation
• generativity vs stagnation
• ego integrity vs despair

Question 22

Define moratorium

Answer 22

Identity crisis

Question 23

Define identity foreclosure

Answer 23

acceptance of parental life choices without considering options

Question 24

Define identity diffusion

Answer 24

uncenteredness, confusion about who one is and what one wants

Question 25

Theory of mind

Answer 25

understanding that other people are people, too, with their own minds, thoughts, feelings, beliefs, desires and perceptions

Question 26

Kohlberg’s theories of moral development

Answer 26

• based on Piaget’s ideas
• 3 levels of moral development

1. preconventional - judgement based on own needs
2. conventional - expectations of society taken into account
3. ## post-conventional - judgement based on abstract, personal principles

Question 27

Stages of Kohlberg’s theory

Answer 27

Preconventional
1. Obedience orientation -obey rules, avoid punishment
2. Rewards / exchange orientation
Conventional
3. Relationships - being good means being nice
4. Law and order - obey laws and authorities
Postconventional
5. Social Contract
6. Universal ethical principals

Question 28

Criticism of Kohlberg’s theory

Answer 28

• in reality, stages not seperate, sequenced or consistent
• people’s choices reflect different stages simultaneously
• people’s choices may fit different stages at different times

Question 29

Implications of Kohlber’s theory

Answer 29

Nucci - establish a community of mutual respect

- teacher response should match domain of behaviour

Question 30

Haidt’s Social intuisionist model of moral psychology

Answer 30

1. Intuition first, reasoning second
2. There is more to morality than fairness and harm - WEIRD moral framework (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic)
3. Morality binds and blinds

Question 31

self-concept

Answer 31

individual knowledge and beliefs about onesself - ideas, feelings, attitudes and expectations

Question 32

Carol GIlligan

Answer 32

self-interest, then commitment to specific individuals & relationships