Chapter 3 - Self, Social & Moral Development Flashcards
emitional difficulties associated with early maturation
depression, anxiety, eating disorders
possible impact of late-maturation in boys
lower self-esteme, tend to be more creative, tolerant, perceptive
possible impact of early-maturation in boys
popularity, more delinquent behaviour
benefits of play
contributes to cognitive, physical and social development
concequences of obesity
diabetis, strain on bones and joings, respiratory problems
bulimia and anorexia
bulimia - binge eating, followed by fasting, purging, exercise
anorexia nervosa - self-starvation
Define context in the Bronfenbrenner social context for development
total setting or situation that surrounds and interacts with a person or event
- includes internal and external circumstances
Describe Bronfenbrenner ‘s biological model
- theory describing nested social and cultural contexts that shape development. Every person develops within a microsystem, inside a mesosystem, embedded in an exosystem, all of which are part of the macrosystem of the culture
microsystem - immediate relationships and activities
- family, friends, teachers
- reciprocal relationships
mesosystem - set of interactions and relationships in microsystem
- also reciprocal
exosystem - social setting
- settings that affect the child, but child did not direct member (eg teacher relationship with administrator, parent’s job)
macrosystem - larger society
- values, laws, conventions, traditions
Authoratative parenting style
- firm control, but warm
- expect mature behaviour
- give reasons for rules
- allow democratic decision-making
- less strict punishment, more guidance
Authoratarian
- cold, controlling
- expect mature behaviour
- do what parents say
- strictm but not abusive
- not openly affectionate
Permissive
- warm, little control
- few rules, consequences
- little expectation
Rejecting / Neglecting Parents
- uninvolved
- focus on own needs
- react harshly to requests
Which parenting style produces happy children?
Authoratitive
Discuss the impact of authoritarian parenting.
- children do less well in school
- children are more hostile
- children have lower self-control
Discuss the impact of permissive parenting
- children are immature, demanding, impulsive, rebellious, aggressive
Discuss the impact of rejecting / neglecting prents
- children are insecure, non-compliant, aggressive, withdrawn
Strategies to reach every student
- set clear limits
- be consistent
- enforce rules firmly, but not punitively
- respect children
- show genuine concern
Define identity
- people’s sense of self, integrating all different aspects and roles of the self
Define psychosocial
- relation of individuals’ emotional needs to the social environment
Erikson’s psychosocial theory
- emphasized emergence of the self, search for identity, individual’s relationships with others and the role of culture throughout life
Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development
- trust vs mistrust
- autonomy vs shame and doubt
- initiative vs guilt
- industry vs inferiority
- identity vs confusion
- intimacy vs isolation
- generativity vs stagnation
- ego integrity vs despair
Define moratorium
Identity crisis
Define identity foreclosure
acceptance of parental life choices without considering options
Define identity diffusion
uncenteredness, confusion about who one is and what one wants
Theory of mind
understanding that other people are people, too, with their own minds, thoughts, feelings, beliefs, desires and perceptions
Kohlberg’s theories of moral development
- based on Piaget’s ideas
- 3 levels of moral development
- preconventional - judgement based on own needs
- conventional - expectations of society taken into account
- ## post-conventional - judgement based on abstract, personal principles
Stages of Kohlberg’s theory
Preconventional
1. Obedience orientation -obey rules, avoid punishment
2. Rewards / exchange orientation
Conventional
3. Relationships - being good means being nice
4. Law and order - obey laws and authorities
Postconventional
5. Social Contract
6. Universal ethical principals
Criticism of Kohlberg’s theory
- in reality, stages not seperate, sequenced or consistent
- people’s choices reflect different stages simultaneously
- people’s choices may fit different stages at different times
Implications of Kohlber’s theory
Nucci - establish a community of mutual respect
- teacher response should match domain of behaviour
Haidt’s Social intuisionist model of moral psychology
- Intuition first, reasoning second
- There is more to morality than fairness and harm - WEIRD moral framework (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic)
- Morality binds and blinds
self-concept
individual knowledge and beliefs about onesself - ideas, feelings, attitudes and expectations
Carol GIlligan
self-interest, then commitment to specific individuals & relationships
