Chapter 1 - Learning, Teaching And Educational Psychology Flashcards
Teacher’s sense of efficacy
Belief that they can reach even difficult students to help them learn
Why does teacher efficacy predict student achievement
Teacher’s with this work harder, persist longer.
Teacher’s believe in themselves, their students
Less likely to experience burnout
More satisfied with jobs
According to Pianta, what factors helped students with lower math skills?
Higher-level instruction (beyond basic)
Positive relationship with teacher
John Dewey
Father of progressive Educational Movement
What do educational psychologists do?
They study learning and teaching, strive to improve ecucational policy and practice
Define Ethnography
Study naturally occuring events in the life of a group. To understand the meaning of events to the people involved
Participant observation
researcher participates in group
longitudinal studies
study over many years as changes occur.
- informative, but time-consuming, expensive, impractical
cross-sectional studies
studies with groups of students at different ages
microgenetic studies
study cognitive processes in the midst of change, while change is occuring
characteristics of microgenetic studies
- observe entire period of change
- make observations
- analyse observed behaviour
qualitative research
eg - case studies, ethnographies
- use words, dialogue, events, themes, images as data
- goal to explore specific situations or people
- assumes no process of understanding meaning can be completely objective
- concerned with interpreting subjective, personal, socially constructed meaning
quantitative
- many participants, formal, controlled
- correlational and experimental types quantative
- uses numbers, measurements, statistics
- try to be objective, remove personal biases from results
- advantage: results of one study can be applied to similar situations or people
Research cycle
- specific hypothesis (prediction of outcome)
- gather info, analyse from research participants
- interpret and analyze data using appropriate methods
modify / improve theory
-formulate new & better questions
Empirical question
need data and evidence to answer
Concerns of beginning teachers
- maintain discipline
- motivating students,
accomodating differences - evaluating students’ work
- dealing with parents
- getting along with other teachers
What are the research methods in educational psychology?
- correlational methods identifying relationship and allowing predictions
- correlation = number that indicates strength and direction of relationship between two events or measurements
- experimental studies allow researchers to detect causes, not just make predictions
- exerimental studies should help teachers implement useful changes
Quazi-experimental studies meet most of the criteria for true experiments - exception: participants not assigned to groups at random - existing groups (eg classes, schools) participate in experiments
- baseline, intervention, baseline, intervention (ABAB Approach)
- if studied over time - longitudinal
- if done in midst of change as change is happening - microgenetic
- results used to generate better hypotheses and questions
Difference between principles and theories
principle - established relationship between two or more factors
theory = interrelated set of concepts used to explain a body of data, to make predictions about results of future
Key factors supporting student learning
student personal factors
school and social-contextual factors
