Chapter 1 - Learning, Teaching And Educational Psychology

Question 1

Teacher’s sense of efficacy

Answer 1

Belief that they can reach even difficult students to help them learn

Question 2

Why does teacher efficacy predict student achievement

Answer 2

Teacher’s with this work harder, persist longer.
Teacher’s believe in themselves, their students
Less likely to experience burnout
More satisfied with jobs

Question 3

According to Pianta, what factors helped students with lower math skills?

Answer 3

Higher-level instruction (beyond basic)

Positive relationship with teacher

Question 4

John Dewey

Answer 4

Father of progressive Educational Movement

Question 5

What do educational psychologists do?

Answer 5

They study learning and teaching, strive to improve ecucational policy and practice

Question 6

Define Ethnography

Answer 6

Study naturally occuring events in the life of a group. To understand the meaning of events to the people involved

Question 7

Participant observation

Answer 7

researcher participates in group

Question 8

longitudinal studies

Answer 8

study over many years as changes occur.

- informative, but time-consuming, expensive, impractical

Question 9

cross-sectional studies

Answer 9

studies with groups of students at different ages

Question 10

microgenetic studies

Answer 10

study cognitive processes in the midst of change, while change is occuring

Question 11

characteristics of microgenetic studies

Answer 11

• observe entire period of change
• make observations
• analyse observed behaviour

Question 12

qualitative research

Answer 12

eg - case studies, ethnographies

• use words, dialogue, events, themes, images as data
• goal to explore specific situations or people
• assumes no process of understanding meaning can be completely objective
• concerned with interpreting subjective, personal, socially constructed meaning

Question 13

quantitative

Answer 13

• many participants, formal, controlled
• correlational and experimental types quantative
• uses numbers, measurements, statistics
• try to be objective, remove personal biases from results
• advantage: results of one study can be applied to similar situations or people

Question 14

Research cycle

Answer 14

• specific hypothesis (prediction of outcome)
• gather info, analyse from research participants
• interpret and analyze data using appropriate methods
  modify / improve theory
  -formulate new & better questions

Question 15

Empirical question

Answer 15

need data and evidence to answer

Question 16

Concerns of beginning teachers

Answer 16

• maintain discipline
• motivating students,
  accomodating differences
• evaluating students’ work
• dealing with parents
• getting along with other teachers

Question 17

What are the research methods in educational psychology?

Answer 17

• correlational methods identifying relationship and allowing predictions
• correlation = number that indicates strength and direction of relationship between two events or measurements
• experimental studies allow researchers to detect causes, not just make predictions
• exerimental studies should help teachers implement useful changes
  Quazi-experimental studies meet most of the criteria for true experiments - exception: participants not assigned to groups at random
• existing groups (eg classes, schools) participate in experiments
• baseline, intervention, baseline, intervention (ABAB Approach)
• if studied over time - longitudinal
• if done in midst of change as change is happening - microgenetic
• results used to generate better hypotheses and questions

Question 18

Difference between principles and theories

Answer 18

principle - established relationship between two or more factors
theory = interrelated set of concepts used to explain a body of data, to make predictions about results of future

Question 19

Key factors supporting student learning

Answer 19

student personal factors

school and social-contextual factors