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Microbiology > Chapter 5-Eukaryotic Microbial Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 5-Eukaryotic Microbial Structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two groups of eukaryotic microorganism?

A

protists and fungi

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2
Q

What are some unique and common features of the eukaryotic cells?

A

membrane limited nuclei, unit membrane bound organelles with specific functions, intracytoplasmic unit membrane complex (transport system), more structurally complex and larger than bacterial and archaeal cells

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3
Q

structure with 1 or 2 membranes, at least one function

A

organelle

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4
Q

consists of cell membrane and all coverings external to it, algae and fungi have cell walls, protozoa don’t

A

cell envelopes

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5
Q

85% lipid bilayer, 14% protein, 1% carbohydrates, hydrophobic interior of bilayer, phosphoglycerides and sterols added for extra strength

A

eukaryotic cell membrane

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6
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic cell membrane proteins play no role in energy metabolism?

A

True, they play no role

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7
Q

consists of 90 to 92% water with dissolved solutes, includes cytoskeleton

A

cytoplasm of eukaryotes

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8
Q

protein fibers that form the cytoplasmic matrix, composed of microfilaments and microtubules, give cell shape and assist movement, provide attachment site for organelles

A

cytoskeleton

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9
Q

small, protein filaments, 4 to 7 nm in size, made of actin protien, scattered throughout cytoskeleton

A

microfilaments

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10
Q

heterogeneous elements of cytoskeleton, about 10nm in diameter, vimentin and keratin classes, play a structural role, link cells for tissues

A

intermediate filaments

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11
Q

small cylinder shape, provide cell with distinct shape, assist in mitotic tracking, intracellular tracking, and mitosis/meiosis

A

microtubules

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12
Q

have ribosomes attached, synthesis of secreted proteins, transport of protiens

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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13
Q

devoid of ribosomes, synthesis of secreted proteins and cell membrane proteins, lipid biosynthesis

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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14
Q

unit membranous organelle made of cisternae on each, cis and trans faces, stacks of cisternae, assist in packing and secretion of materials and intracellular modifications

A

golgi apparatus

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15
Q

unit membrane bound vesicles, eukaryotic only, assist in intracellular digestion, maintain an acidic environment by pumping protons interiorly

A

lysosome

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16
Q

enzyme that hydrolyze molecule, best under acid conditions

A

hydrolase

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17
Q

used to move materials to various sites within the cell, proteins made by RER, enter RER lumen released into small budding vesicles, intracellular movement guided by cytoskeleton, modified at golgi, moves from cis face to trans face where transport vesicles released

A

secretory pathway

18
Q

What is the quality assurance mechanism of the secretory pathway?

A

assures that nonfunctional proteins are destroyed ubiquitin polypeptides

19
Q

done by all eukaryotic cells, performed on materials into cell too big for transport proteins, solutes or particles are taken up by and enclosed in vesicles, materials to lysosome and destroyed

A

endocytosis

20
Q

What are the 3 kinds of endocytosis?

A

(1) phagocytosis
(2) clathrin
(3) caveolae

21
Q

type of endocytosis done where there are no cell walls, cell surface protrudes and engulfs particles, fuse with lysosome and resulting vesicles called phagosomes

A

phagocytosis

22
Q

initiated by the protein clathrin, coated pits that bind to macromolecule, kind of receptor mediated endocytosis

A

clathrin endocytosis

23
Q

kind of endocytosis where caveolin is present, pinch off at membrane, appear like small caves

A

ceveolae endocytosis

24
Q

delivery of materials to be digested by route not involving endocytosis, macroautophagy includes digestion and recycling of cytoplasmic contents, a double membrane surrounds the cell component, forms an authophagosome

A

autophagy

25
Q

What happens once a lysosome is formed?

A

digestion occurs w/o release of lysosome enzymes into matrix, as digestion occurs products leave and are used as nutrients, residual body forms and is released in to the outside

26
Q

double membrane organelle, house genetic material, chromatin complex is visible, 5 histones (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4), chromatin condenses into chromosomes during division

A

nucleus

27
Q

important in ribosome synthesis, direct synthesis and processing of rRNA, ribosomes mature in cytoplasm

A

nucleolus

28
Q

larger that 70s, attached to ER or cytoskeleton, proteins made are secreted out, inserted into cell membrane or transported into organelles, those attached to cytoskeleton synthesize nonsecretory and nonomembrane proteins

A

ribosomes

29
Q

powerhouse of cell, found in most eukaryotic cell, carries out aerobic respiration, site of tricarboxlyic acid cycle, ATP generated by ETC, same size as bacterial cells, reproduce by binary fission

A

mitochondria

30
Q

contains transport porins similar to gram negative bacteria

A

outer membrane of mitochondria

31
Q

highly folded to form cristae

A

inner membrane of mitochondria

32
Q

contain ribosomes, DNA, CaPO4 granules, and enzymes

A

matrix of mitochondria

33
Q

a small energy conservation organelle in some anaerobic protists, descended from common mitochondrial ancestor

A

hydrogenosomes

34
Q

type of plastid, pigment organelle of plants and algae, photosynthetic reaction, 2X unit membrane, stroma within inner membrane (site of dark rxn photosynthesis)

A

chloroplast

35
Q

flattened sacs within chloroplast

A

thylakoid (site of light dependent photosynthesis)

36
Q

stacks of thylakoid

A

grana

37
Q

5 to 20 um in length, beat with two phases, work like oars

A

cilia

38
Q

100 to 200 um long, move in undulating fushion, tinsel (tip pulls cell along) or wiplash (naked flagellum)

A

flagella

39
Q

unit membrane bound cylinders, axoneme (set of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement), basal body at base to direct

A

ultrastructure of cilia and flagella

40
Q

cytoplasmic extensions surrounded by cell membrane with structure maintained by cytoskeleton and microfilaments, found in some protozoans

A

pseudopods

Microbiology (11 decks)

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