Chapter 4-Archaea Flashcards

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1
Q

What features do Archaea have in common with Eukarya?

A

gene encoding proteins, replication, transcription, translocation

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2
Q

What features do Archaea have in common with Bacteria?

A

genes for metabolism

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3
Q

What features are unique to Archaea?

A

unique rRNA gene structures, capable of methanogenesis

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4
Q

a highly diverse morphology, grow in anaerobic hypersaline, pH extremes and high temperatures, found in marine, arctic, and tropical temperatures

A

domain Archaea

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5
Q

What are the shape and size of Archaea?

A

similar to Bacteria, cocci and rods are common shape, no spirochetes or mycelial forms yet, branded and flat shapes

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6
Q

How do cell envelopes in Archaea differ from those in domain Bacteria?

A

S layer may be only component outside plasma membrane, some lack a cell wall, capsules and slime layers are rare

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7
Q

unique phospholipids, lack fatty acids and ester bonds, instead have ether linkages, monolayer of phospholipids, isoprene unites

A

archaeal cell membranes

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8
Q

How do Archaeal cell walls differ from domain Bacteria cell walls?

A

lack peptidoglycan, most have S layer, protein sheath external to cell layer

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9
Q

How does an Archaeal cytoplasm differ from that of domain Bacteria?

A

very similar, but they lack membrane enclosed organelles, may contain inclusion bodies, contain all usual components

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10
Q

not well understood yet in Archaea, composed of pilia protein, central lumen similar to bacterial flagella, adhesion mechanisms

A

pili in archaea

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11
Q

hollow, tube like structures on thermophilic surface, unknown function, form a network of multiple daughter cells

A

cannulae in archaea

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12
Q

What are some differences to the archaeal flagella?

A

they are thinner, more than one type of flagellin protein, they are not hollow, grow at the base and not the end

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13
Q

How do Archaea move?

A

directed movement like Bacteria (chemotaxis and taxis)

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