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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5: Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Gallstones in the gallbladder

A

Cholelithiasis

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2
Q

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver

A

Cirrhosis

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3
Q

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

A

Viral hepatitis

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4
Q

Telescoping of the intestines

A

Intussusception

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5
Q

Group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension

A

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

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6
Q

Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

A

Ulcerative colitis

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7
Q

Twisting of the intestines on itself

A

Volvulus

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8
Q

Painful, inflamed intestines

A

Dysentery

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9
Q

Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

A

Hemorrhoids

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10
Q

Failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

A

Ileus

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11
Q

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

A

Crohn Disease

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12
Q

Abnormal side pockets (outpouchings in the intestinal wall)

A

Diverticulosis

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13
Q

Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both

A

Colorectal cancer

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14
Q

Abnormal tube like passageway near the anus

A

Anal fistula

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15
Q

Polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

A

Colonic polyposis

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16
Q

Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it

A

Hernia

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17
Q

Open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum

A

Peptic ulcer

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18
Q

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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19
Q

Malignant tumor of the stomach

A

Gastric carcinoma

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20
Q

Swollen, varicose veins at lower ends of the esophagus

A

Esophageal varices

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21
Q

Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax

A

Achalasia

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22
Q

Inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpes virus

A

Herpetic stomatitis

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23
Q

White plagues or patches

A

Oral leukoplakia

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24
Q

Inflammation and degeneration of the gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

A

Periodontal disease

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25
Q

Tooth decay

A

Dental caries

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26
Q

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

A

Aphthous stomatitis

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27
Q

Fat in the feces; frothy, foul smelling fecal matter

A

Steatorrhea

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28
Q

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

A

Eructation

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29
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

A

Ascites

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30
Q

-ase

A

Enzyme

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31
Q

-chezia

A

Defecation

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32
Q

-iasis

A

Abnormal condition

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33
Q

-prandial

A

Meal

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34
Q

Bucc/o

A

Cheek

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35
Q

Celi/o

A

Belly, abdomen

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36
Q

Dent/i

A

Tooth

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37
Q

Esophag/o

A

Esophagus

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38
Q

Sialaden/o

A

Salivary gland

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39
Q

The combining form for the first part of the large intestine is

A

Cec/o

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40
Q

Pertaining to the abdomen

A

Celiac

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41
Q

Part of the tooth that contains a rich supply of nerves and blood vessels

A

Pulp

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42
Q

Gingiv/o means

A

Gums

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43
Q

Buccal means

A

Pertaining to the cheek

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44
Q

High blood levels of a pigment released by the liver with bile

A

Hyperbilirubinemia

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45
Q

Carries bile into the duodenum

A

Common bile duct

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46
Q

Enzyme to digest starch

A

Amylase

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47
Q

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

A

Chron disease

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48
Q

Ring of muscles

A

Sphincter

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49
Q

Specialist in gums

A

Periodontist

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50
Q

Stomat/o means

A

Mouth

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51
Q

Cheli/o means the same as

A

Labi/o

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52
Q

Stone in a salivary gland

A

Sialadenolithiasis

53
Q

Membrane that connects parts of the small intestine

A

Mesentery

54
Q

New opening from the large bowel to the surface of the body

A

Colostomy

55
Q

Fats are improperly digested and appear in the feces

A

Steatorrhea

56
Q

Lack of appetite

A

Anorexia

57
Q

Another term for jaundice

A

Icterus

58
Q

Esophageal varices are

A

Swollen, twisted veins

59
Q

Abnormal side pockets in a hollow organ, such as the intestine

A

Diverticula

60
Q

Telescoping of the intestine

A

Intussusception

61
Q

Difficulty in swallowing

A

Dysphagia

62
Q

White plagues on the mucosa of the mouth

A

Oral leukoplakia

63
Q

Pertaining to surrounding the anus

A

Perianal

64
Q

Removal (resection) of the appendix

A

Appendectomy

65
Q

Inflammation of the appendix

A

Appendicitis

66
Q

The mucous membrane lining the cheek

A

Buccal mucosa

67
Q

Pertaining to the cecum

A

Cecal

68
Q

Pertaining to the abdomen

A

Celiac

69
Q

Abnormal condition of the lips

A

Cheilosis

70
Q

Removal of the gallbladder

A

Cholecystectomy

71
Q

Incision of the common bile duct

A

Choledochotomy

72
Q

New opening of the colon to the outside of the body

A

Colostomy

73
Q

Pertaining to the colon

A

Colonic

74
Q

Process of visual examination of the colon

A

Colonscopy

75
Q

Pertaining to tooth and cheek

A

Dentibuccal

76
Q

Pertaining to the duodenum

A

Duodenal

77
Q

Inflammation of the small and large intestines

A

Enterocolitis

78
Q

New opening between two previously unconnected parts of the small intestine

A

Enteroenterostomy

79
Q

Membrane that holds the intestines together

A

Mesentery

80
Q

Pertaining to apart from the intestines (refers to delivery of substances any way other than through the digestive tract)

A

Parenteral

81
Q

Pertaining to the esophagus

A

Esophageal

82
Q

Pertaining to the face

A

Facial

83
Q

New opening into the stomach through the abdominal wall

A

Gastrostomy

84
Q

Inflammation of the gums

A

Gingivitis

85
Q

Pertaining to under the tongue

A

Hypoglossal

86
Q

Tumor (malignant) of the liver; hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Hepatoma

87
Q

Pertaining to the ring of muscles between the ileum and the cecum

A

Ileocecal sphincter

88
Q

Enlargement of the liver

A

Hepatomegaly

89
Q

Inflammation of the ileum

A

Ileitis

90
Q

New opening between the common bile duct and the jejunum; anastomosis

A

Choledochojejunostomy

91
Q

New opening of the ileum to the outside of the body

A

Ileostomy

92
Q

New opening between the stomach and the jejunum; anastomosis

A

Gastrojejunostomy

93
Q

Pertaining to the lip

A

Labial

94
Q

Visual examination of the abdomen

A

Laparoscopy

95
Q

Pertaining to under the tongue

A

Sublingual

96
Q

Pertaining to under the lower jaw

A

Submandibular

97
Q

Dentist specializing in straightening teeth

A

Orthodontist

98
Q

Dentist specializing in gums

A

Periodontist

99
Q

Dentist specializing in operating within the tooth

A

Endodontist

100
Q

Pertaining to the mouth

A

Oral

101
Q

Surgical repair of the palate

A

Palatoplasty

102
Q

Inflammation of the pancreas

A

Pancreatitis

103
Q

Inflammation of the peritoneum

A

Peritonitis

104
Q

Pertaining to the throat

A

Pharyngeal

105
Q

Surgical repair of the palate and throat

A

Palatopharyngoplasty

106
Q

Specialist in the anus and rectum

A

Proctologist

107
Q

Surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter

A

Pyloroplasty

108
Q

Hernia of the rectum

A

Rectocele

109
Q

Inflammation of the salivary glands

A

Sialadenitis

110
Q

Visual examination of the sigmoid colon

A

Sigmoidoscopy

111
Q

Inflammation of the mouth

A

Stomatitis

112
Q

Removal of the uvula

A

Uvulectomy

113
Q

Enzyme that digests starch

A

Amylase

114
Q

Pertaining to bile

A

Biliary

115
Q

Excess bilirubin in the blood; jaundice

A

Hyperbillirubinemia

116
Q

Abnormal condition of gallstones

A

Cholelithiasis

117
Q

Lack of hydrochloric acid

A

Achlorhydria

118
Q

Production of new sugar from proteins and fats (by the liver)

A

Gluconeogenesis

119
Q

High blood sugar

A

Hyperglycemia

120
Q

Breakdown of glycogen to form sugar

A

Glucogenolysis

121
Q

Tumor of fat

A

Lipoma

122
Q

Formation of a stone

A

Lithogenesis

123
Q

Enzyme that digests protein

A

Protease

124
Q

Salivary gland stone

A

Sialolith

125
Q

Discharge of fats in feces

A

Steatorrhea

126
Q

Enzyme to digest fats

A

Lipase

127
Q

Bright red blood in the feces

A

Hematochezia

128
Q

Condition of stones in the common bile duct

A

Choledocholithiasis

129
Q

Pertaining to after meals

A

Postprandial

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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