Chapter 5: Digestive System Flashcards
Gallstones in the gallbladder
Cholelithiasis
Chronic degenerative disease of the liver
Cirrhosis
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
Viral hepatitis
Telescoping of the intestines
Intussusception
Group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
Ulcerative colitis
Twisting of the intestines on itself
Volvulus
Painful, inflamed intestines
Dysentery
Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region
Hemorrhoids
Failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
Ileus
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
Crohn Disease
Abnormal side pockets (outpouchings in the intestinal wall)
Diverticulosis
Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both
Colorectal cancer
Abnormal tube like passageway near the anus
Anal fistula
Polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
Colonic polyposis
Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it
Hernia
Open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum
Peptic ulcer
Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Malignant tumor of the stomach
Gastric carcinoma
Swollen, varicose veins at lower ends of the esophagus
Esophageal varices
Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax
Achalasia
Inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpes virus
Herpetic stomatitis
White plagues or patches
Oral leukoplakia
Inflammation and degeneration of the gums, teeth, and surrounding bone
Periodontal disease
Tooth decay
Dental caries
Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers
Aphthous stomatitis
Fat in the feces; frothy, foul smelling fecal matter
Steatorrhea
Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
Eructation
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
Ascites
-ase
Enzyme
-chezia
Defecation
-iasis
Abnormal condition
-prandial
Meal
Bucc/o
Cheek
Celi/o
Belly, abdomen
Dent/i
Tooth
Esophag/o
Esophagus
Sialaden/o
Salivary gland
The combining form for the first part of the large intestine is
Cec/o
Pertaining to the abdomen
Celiac
Part of the tooth that contains a rich supply of nerves and blood vessels
Pulp
Gingiv/o means
Gums
Buccal means
Pertaining to the cheek
High blood levels of a pigment released by the liver with bile
Hyperbilirubinemia
Carries bile into the duodenum
Common bile duct
Enzyme to digest starch
Amylase
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
Chron disease
Ring of muscles
Sphincter
Specialist in gums
Periodontist
Stomat/o means
Mouth
Cheli/o means the same as
Labi/o
Stone in a salivary gland
Sialadenolithiasis
Membrane that connects parts of the small intestine
Mesentery
New opening from the large bowel to the surface of the body
Colostomy
Fats are improperly digested and appear in the feces
Steatorrhea
Lack of appetite
Anorexia
Another term for jaundice
Icterus
Esophageal varices are
Swollen, twisted veins
Abnormal side pockets in a hollow organ, such as the intestine
Diverticula
Telescoping of the intestine
Intussusception
Difficulty in swallowing
Dysphagia
White plagues on the mucosa of the mouth
Oral leukoplakia
Pertaining to surrounding the anus
Perianal
Removal (resection) of the appendix
Appendectomy
Inflammation of the appendix
Appendicitis
The mucous membrane lining the cheek
Buccal mucosa
Pertaining to the cecum
Cecal
Pertaining to the abdomen
Celiac
Abnormal condition of the lips
Cheilosis
Removal of the gallbladder
Cholecystectomy
Incision of the common bile duct
Choledochotomy
New opening of the colon to the outside of the body
Colostomy
Pertaining to the colon
Colonic
Process of visual examination of the colon
Colonscopy
Pertaining to tooth and cheek
Dentibuccal
Pertaining to the duodenum
Duodenal
Inflammation of the small and large intestines
Enterocolitis
New opening between two previously unconnected parts of the small intestine
Enteroenterostomy
Membrane that holds the intestines together
Mesentery
Pertaining to apart from the intestines (refers to delivery of substances any way other than through the digestive tract)
Parenteral
Pertaining to the esophagus
Esophageal
Pertaining to the face
Facial
New opening into the stomach through the abdominal wall
Gastrostomy
Inflammation of the gums
Gingivitis
Pertaining to under the tongue
Hypoglossal
Tumor (malignant) of the liver; hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatoma
Pertaining to the ring of muscles between the ileum and the cecum
Ileocecal sphincter
Enlargement of the liver
Hepatomegaly
Inflammation of the ileum
Ileitis
New opening between the common bile duct and the jejunum; anastomosis
Choledochojejunostomy
New opening of the ileum to the outside of the body
Ileostomy
New opening between the stomach and the jejunum; anastomosis
Gastrojejunostomy
Pertaining to the lip
Labial
Visual examination of the abdomen
Laparoscopy
Pertaining to under the tongue
Sublingual
Pertaining to under the lower jaw
Submandibular
Dentist specializing in straightening teeth
Orthodontist
Dentist specializing in gums
Periodontist
Dentist specializing in operating within the tooth
Endodontist
Pertaining to the mouth
Oral
Surgical repair of the palate
Palatoplasty
Inflammation of the pancreas
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum
Peritonitis
Pertaining to the throat
Pharyngeal
Surgical repair of the palate and throat
Palatopharyngoplasty
Specialist in the anus and rectum
Proctologist
Surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter
Pyloroplasty
Hernia of the rectum
Rectocele
Inflammation of the salivary glands
Sialadenitis
Visual examination of the sigmoid colon
Sigmoidoscopy
Inflammation of the mouth
Stomatitis
Removal of the uvula
Uvulectomy
Enzyme that digests starch
Amylase
Pertaining to bile
Biliary
Excess bilirubin in the blood; jaundice
Hyperbillirubinemia
Abnormal condition of gallstones
Cholelithiasis
Lack of hydrochloric acid
Achlorhydria
Production of new sugar from proteins and fats (by the liver)
Gluconeogenesis
High blood sugar
Hyperglycemia
Breakdown of glycogen to form sugar
Glucogenolysis
Tumor of fat
Lipoma
Formation of a stone
Lithogenesis
Enzyme that digests protein
Protease
Salivary gland stone
Sialolith
Discharge of fats in feces
Steatorrhea
Enzyme to digest fats
Lipase
Bright red blood in the feces
Hematochezia
Condition of stones in the common bile duct
Choledocholithiasis
Pertaining to after meals
Postprandial
