Chapter 13: Circulatory System Flashcards
Red blood cells transport nutrients and oxygen
Erythrocytes
White blood cells
Leukocyte
Platelets; clot blood
Thrombocytes
Contain heparin (prevent clotting) and histamine (involved in allergic reaction)
Basophils
Types of leukocytes
Basophils Eosinophils Neutrophils Monocytes Lymphocytes
Phagocytic cells involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections
Eosinophils
Phagocytic cells that accumulate at sites of infection
Neutrophils
Phagocytic cells that become macrophage and digest bacteria and tissue debris
Monocytes
Control the immune response; make antibodies to antigens
Lymphocytes
Bas/o
Base
Chrom/o
Color
Coagul/o
Clotting
Cyt/o
Cell
Eosin/o
Red, dawn, rosy
Erythr/o
Red
Granul/o
Granules
Hem/o
Blood
Hemat/o
Blood
Hemoglobin/o
Hemoglobin
Is/o
Same, equal
Kary/o
Nucleus
Leuk/o
White
Mon/o
One, single
Morph/o
Shape, form
Myel/o
Bone marrow
Neutr/o
Neutral
Nucle/o
Nucleus
Phag/o
Eat, swallow
Poikil/o
Varied, irregular
Sider/o
Iron
Spher/o
Globe, round
Thromb/o
Clot
Red blood cell
Erythrocyte
White blood cell with reddish granules; numbers increase in allergic reactions
Eosinophils
Protein threads that form the basis of a clot
Fibrin
Method of separating out plasma proteins by electrical charge
Electrophoresis
Foreign material that invades the body
Antigens
Pigment produced from hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed
Bilirubin
An undifferentiated blood cell is called a
Hematopoietic stem cell
Anticoagulant found in the blood
Heparin
A disorder of red blood cell morphology is
Poikilocytosis
Deficiency in numbers of white blood cells
Neutropenia
Immature red blood cell
Erythroblast
Derived from bone marrow
Myeloid
Breakdown of recipients red blood cells when incompatible bloods are mixed
Hemolysis
Sideropenia occurs causing deficient production of hemoglobin
Iron deficiency anemia
Reduction in red cells due to excessive cell destruction
Hemolytic anemia
Failure of blood cell production due to absence of formation of cells in the bone marrow
Aplastic anemia
Inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin
Thalassemia
Lack of mature red cells due to inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body
Pernicious anemia
Excessive deposits of iron throughout the body
Hemochromatosis
Symptoms of pallor, shortness of breath, infection, bleeding gums, predominance of immature and abnormally functioning leukocytes, and low numbers of mature neutrophils in a young child may indicate a diagnosis of
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
Excessive bleeding caused by congenital lack of factor VIII or IX
Hemophilia
Venous blood is clotted in a test tube
Coagulation time
Sample of blood is spun in a test tube so that red cells fall to the bottom and percentage of RBCs are taken
Hematocrit
Blood smear is examined to determine the shape or form of cells
Red blood cell morphology
Leukocytes are stained and counted under a microscope to see numbers of mature and immature forms
White blood cell differential
Venous blood is collected; anticoagulant added and the distance cells fall in a period of time is determined
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Blood protein that maintains the proper proportion and concentration of water in blood
Albumin
Swelling; fluid leaks out into tissue spaces
Edema
IgM, IgC, IgA, IgD, and IgE are all
Immunoglobulins
Symptoms of disease return
Relapse
Reliving symptoms, but not curing disease
Palliative
White blood cell; phagocyte and precursor of a macrophage
Monocytes
Thrombocytes
Platelets
Bone marrow cell; gives rise to many types of blood cells
Hematopoietic stem cell
Leukocyte formed in lymph tissue; produces antibodies
Lymphocyte
Leukocyte with dense reddish granules; associated with allergic reactions
Eosinophil
Leukocyte (poly) formed in bone marrow and having a neutral-staining granule
Neutrophil
Leukocyte whose granules have an affinity for basic stain; releases histamine and heparin
Basophil
Liquid portion of blood
Plasma
Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate erythrocyte production in bone marrow
Erythropoietin
Proteins in plasma; can be separated into alpha, beta and gamma types
Globulin
Plasma protein that maintains the proper amount of water in blood
Albumin
Proteins made by lymphocytes in response to antigens in the blood
Immunoglobulins
Irregularity in shape
Poikilocytosis
Immature red cells
Erythroblast
Reduction of hemoglobin (color)
Hypochromic
Increase in numbers of small cells
Microcytosis
Erythremia
Polycythemia Vera
Increase in numbers of large cells
Macrocytosis
Formation of red cells
Erythropoiesis
Destruction of red cells
Hemolysis
CLL
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
AML
Acute myeloid leukemia
Relieving but not curing
Palliative
Deficiency of all blood cells
Pancytopenia
Increase in numbers of granulocytes; seen in allergic conditions
Eosinophilia
Symptoms of disease return
Relapse
Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages; blood accumulates under the skin
Purpura
Separation of blood into its components
Apheresis
Symptoms of disease disappear
Remission
A stained red blood smear is examined to determine the shape of individual red blood cells
Red blood cell morphology
Measures the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood
Hematocrit
Determines the number of clotting cells per cubic millimeter
Platelet count
Ability of venous blood to clot in a test tube
Coagulation time
Measures the speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Determines the numbers of different types of WBCs
WBC differential
Determines the presence of antibodies in infants of Rh-negative women or patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Coombs test
Undifferentiated blood cells from a donor are infused into a patient being treated for leukemia or aplastic anemia
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Time it takes for a small puncture to stop bleeding
Bleeding time
Needle is introduced into the bone marrow cavity, and the small amount is aspirated and then examined under the microscope
Bone marrow biopsy
Blood is collected from and later re-infused into the same patient
Autologous transfusion
