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Medical Terminology > Chapter 18: Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 18: Endocrine System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland

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2
Q

Adren/o

A

Adrenal glands

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3
Q

Adrenal/o

A

Glands

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4
Q

Gonad/o

A

Sex glands

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5
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

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6
Q

Parathyroid/o

A

Parathyroid gland

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7
Q

Pituitar/o

A

Pituitary gland

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8
Q

Thyr/o

A

Thyroid gland

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9
Q

Andr/o

A

Male

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10
Q

Calc/o, calici/o

A

Calcium

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11
Q

Cortic/o

A

Cortex, outer region

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12
Q

Crin/o

A

Secrete

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13
Q

Dips/o

A

Thirst

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14
Q

Estr/o

A

Female

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15
Q

Gluc/o, glyc/o

A

Sugar

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16
Q

Home/o

A

Sameness

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17
Q

Hormone/o

A

Hormone

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18
Q

Kal/I

A

Potassium (an electrolyte)

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19
Q

Lact/o

A

Milk

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20
Q

Myx/o

A

Mucus

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21
Q

Natr/o

A

Sodium (an electrolyte)

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22
Q

Phys/o

A

Growing

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23
Q

Somat/o

A

Body

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24
Q

Ster/o

A

Solid structure

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25
Q

Toc/o

A

Childbirth

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26
Q

Toxic/o

A

Position

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27
Q

Ur/o

A

Urine

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28
Q

-agon

A

Assemble, gather together

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29
Q

-emia

A

Blood condition

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30
Q

-in, -ine

A

A substance

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31
Q

-tropin

A

Stimulating the function of

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32
Q

-uria

A

Urine condition

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33
Q

Eu-

A

Good, normal

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34
Q

Oxy-

A

Rapid, sharp, acid

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35
Q

Pan-

A

All

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36
Q

Tetra-

A

Four

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37
Q

Tri-

A

Three

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38
Q

What is a function of the thyroid gland

A

Secretes thyroxine

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39
Q

What is another name for the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

Adenohypopysis

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40
Q

What secretes cortisol

A

Adrenal cortex

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41
Q

What hormone is secreted by the pancreas

A

Insulin

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42
Q

What hormone regulates calcium in the blood and bones

A

Parathyroid hormone

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43
Q

What hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete hormones

A

ACTH

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44
Q

What is an example of an electrolyte

A

Sodium

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45
Q

What’s an element in thyroxine

A

Iodine

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46
Q

What is a hormone secreted by the ovary and adrenal cortex

A

Estrogen

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47
Q

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

Gonadotropin

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48
Q

What is the term for excessive development of mammary tissue in a male

A

Gynecomastia

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49
Q

Kal/i is a combining form for which substance

A

Potassium

50
Q

Insulin deficiency or resistance leads to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis

A

Diabetes mellitus

51
Q

A group of symptoms produced by excess of cortisol from the adrenal cortex

A

Cushing syndrome

52
Q

Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood

A

Myxedema

53
Q

Post-puberty hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland

A

Acromegaly

54
Q

Thyrotoxicosis; hypersection of the thyroid gland

A

Graves’ disease

55
Q

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

A

Goiter

56
Q

Exophthalmos is a symptom of which endocrine disorder

A

Graves’ disease

57
Q

Description of tetany

A

Constant muscle contraction

58
Q

Natr/o is the combing form for which substance

A

Sodium

59
Q

Characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus

A

Little or no insulin produced

60
Q

What is associated with neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy

A

Secondary complication of diabetes mellitus

61
Q

Description of achondroplasia

A

Defective cartilage formation that affects bone growth

62
Q

Description of a thyroid scan

A

Administration of radioactive compound and visualization with a scanner to detect tumors or nodules

63
Q

Removal of a gland behind the thyroid gland

A

Parathyroidectomy

64
Q

A hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland

A

Thyrotropic hormone

65
Q

Removal of one of the glands above the kidney

A

Adrenolectomy

66
Q

Condition of decreased secretion of the master gland

A

Hypopituitarism

67
Q

Inflammation of the thyroid gland

A

Thyroiditis

68
Q

Resection of an endocrine gland below the stomach

A

Pancreatectomy

69
Q

Removal of a gland

A

Adenectomy

70
Q

Disease of the endocrine glands above the kidney

A

Adenopathy

71
Q

Deficiency of the sex glands

A

Hypogonadism

72
Q

Any hormone that stimulates the sex glands

A

Gonadotropin

73
Q

High levels of sugar in the blood

A

Hyperglycemia

74
Q

Excessive thirst

A

Polydipsia

75
Q

Low levels of calcium in the blood

A

Hypocalcemia

76
Q

A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex

A

Corticosteroid

77
Q

Pertaining to sugar in the blood

A

Glycemic

78
Q

High levels of calcium in the urine

A

Hypercalciuria

79
Q

Male hormone

A

Androgen

80
Q

Pertaining to producing female characteristics

A

Estrogenic

81
Q

High levels of calcium in the blood

A

Hypercalcemia

82
Q

Animal starch

A

Glycogen

83
Q

Removal of the pituitary gland

A

Hypophysectomy

84
Q

A hormone that produces rapid labor and delivery

A

Oxytocin

85
Q

Low levels of sodium in the blood

A

Hyponatremia

86
Q

Hormone that stimulates milk secretion

A

Prolactin

87
Q

Hormone that causes the retention of fluid to regulate blood pressure

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

88
Q

Abnormal condition of mucus-like material under the skin

A

Myxedema

89
Q

Abnormal condition of over secretion from the thyroid gland

A

Thyrotoxicosis

90
Q

Low levels of potassium in the blood

A

Hypokalemia

91
Q

Growth hormone

A

Somatotropin

92
Q

Many hormones are examples of this solid, ring shaped molecule

A

Steroid

93
Q

Decrease of all hormones secreted by the pituitary gland

A

Glycosuria

94
Q

Condition of sugar in urine

A

Glycosuria

95
Q

Low levels of sugar in the blood

A

Hypoglycemia

96
Q

High levels of potassium in the blood

A

Hyperkalemia

97
Q

Thyroid gland hormone (T4)

A

Tetraiodothyronine

98
Q

Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate the adrenal cortex

A

Adenocorticotropin

99
Q

Normal thyroid function

A

Euthyroid

100
Q

Deficient secretion of insulin by the pancreas

A

Hypoinsulinism

101
Q

Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla

A

Epinephrine

102
Q

Hormone secreted by the pancreas to increase blood sugar levels

A

Glucagon

103
Q

Cancer of the thyroid gland (papillary and folicular are types)

A

Thyroid carcinoma

104
Q

Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood

A

Myxedema

105
Q

Deficient production of parathyroid hormone

A

Hypoparathyroidism

106
Q

Excessive secretion of adrenal gland androgens

A

Adrenal virilism

107
Q

Hypo-functioning of the adrenal cortex

A

Addison disease

108
Q

Excessive production of parathormone

A

Hyperparathyroidism

109
Q

Extreme hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood

A

Cretinism

110
Q

Over activity of the thyroid gland (thyrotoxicosis)

A

Hyperthyroidism

111
Q

Group of signs and symptoms procduced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex

A

Cushing syndrome

112
Q

Benign tumor of the adrenal medulla

A

Pheochromocytoma

113
Q

Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone

A

Diabetes inspidus

114
Q

Congenital hypo-secretion of growth hormone

A

Dwarfism

115
Q

Hyper secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary beginning before puberty

A

Gigantism

116
Q

Hyper secretion of the anterior pituitary beginning after puberty

A

Acromegaly

117
Q

Deficiency of all hormones

A

Panhypopituitarism

118
Q

Excess secretion of antidiuretic hormone

A

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH

119
Q

Excess secretion of insulin leads to hypoglycemia

A

Hyperinsulinism

120
Q

Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin to promote sugar, starch and fat (carbohydrate) metabolism in cells

A

Diabetes mellitus

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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