Chapter 18: Endocrine System Flashcards
Aden/o
Gland
Adren/o
Adrenal glands
Adrenal/o
Glands
Gonad/o
Sex glands
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
Parathyroid/o
Parathyroid gland
Pituitar/o
Pituitary gland
Thyr/o
Thyroid gland
Andr/o
Male
Calc/o, calici/o
Calcium
Cortic/o
Cortex, outer region
Crin/o
Secrete
Dips/o
Thirst
Estr/o
Female
Gluc/o, glyc/o
Sugar
Home/o
Sameness
Hormone/o
Hormone
Kal/I
Potassium (an electrolyte)
Lact/o
Milk
Myx/o
Mucus
Natr/o
Sodium (an electrolyte)
Phys/o
Growing
Somat/o
Body
Ster/o
Solid structure
Toc/o
Childbirth
Toxic/o
Position
Ur/o
Urine
-agon
Assemble, gather together
-emia
Blood condition
-in, -ine
A substance
-tropin
Stimulating the function of
-uria
Urine condition
Eu-
Good, normal
Oxy-
Rapid, sharp, acid
Pan-
All
Tetra-
Four
Tri-
Three
What is a function of the thyroid gland
Secretes thyroxine
What is another name for the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Adenohypopysis
What secretes cortisol
Adrenal cortex
What hormone is secreted by the pancreas
Insulin
What hormone regulates calcium in the blood and bones
Parathyroid hormone
What hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete hormones
ACTH
What is an example of an electrolyte
Sodium
What’s an element in thyroxine
Iodine
What is a hormone secreted by the ovary and adrenal cortex
Estrogen
Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Gonadotropin
What is the term for excessive development of mammary tissue in a male
Gynecomastia
Kal/i is a combining form for which substance
Potassium
Insulin deficiency or resistance leads to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis
Diabetes mellitus
A group of symptoms produced by excess of cortisol from the adrenal cortex
Cushing syndrome
Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood
Myxedema
Post-puberty hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland
Acromegaly
Thyrotoxicosis; hypersection of the thyroid gland
Graves’ disease
Enlargement of the thyroid gland
Goiter
Exophthalmos is a symptom of which endocrine disorder
Graves’ disease
Description of tetany
Constant muscle contraction
Natr/o is the combing form for which substance
Sodium
Characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Little or no insulin produced
What is associated with neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy
Secondary complication of diabetes mellitus
Description of achondroplasia
Defective cartilage formation that affects bone growth
Description of a thyroid scan
Administration of radioactive compound and visualization with a scanner to detect tumors or nodules
Removal of a gland behind the thyroid gland
Parathyroidectomy
A hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland
Thyrotropic hormone
Removal of one of the glands above the kidney
Adrenolectomy
Condition of decreased secretion of the master gland
Hypopituitarism
Inflammation of the thyroid gland
Thyroiditis
Resection of an endocrine gland below the stomach
Pancreatectomy
Removal of a gland
Adenectomy
Disease of the endocrine glands above the kidney
Adenopathy
Deficiency of the sex glands
Hypogonadism
Any hormone that stimulates the sex glands
Gonadotropin
High levels of sugar in the blood
Hyperglycemia
Excessive thirst
Polydipsia
Low levels of calcium in the blood
Hypocalcemia
A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex
Corticosteroid
Pertaining to sugar in the blood
Glycemic
High levels of calcium in the urine
Hypercalciuria
Male hormone
Androgen
Pertaining to producing female characteristics
Estrogenic
High levels of calcium in the blood
Hypercalcemia
Animal starch
Glycogen
Removal of the pituitary gland
Hypophysectomy
A hormone that produces rapid labor and delivery
Oxytocin
Low levels of sodium in the blood
Hyponatremia
Hormone that stimulates milk secretion
Prolactin
Hormone that causes the retention of fluid to regulate blood pressure
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Abnormal condition of mucus-like material under the skin
Myxedema
Abnormal condition of over secretion from the thyroid gland
Thyrotoxicosis
Low levels of potassium in the blood
Hypokalemia
Growth hormone
Somatotropin
Many hormones are examples of this solid, ring shaped molecule
Steroid
Decrease of all hormones secreted by the pituitary gland
Glycosuria
Condition of sugar in urine
Glycosuria
Low levels of sugar in the blood
Hypoglycemia
High levels of potassium in the blood
Hyperkalemia
Thyroid gland hormone (T4)
Tetraiodothyronine
Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate the adrenal cortex
Adenocorticotropin
Normal thyroid function
Euthyroid
Deficient secretion of insulin by the pancreas
Hypoinsulinism
Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla
Epinephrine
Hormone secreted by the pancreas to increase blood sugar levels
Glucagon
Cancer of the thyroid gland (papillary and folicular are types)
Thyroid carcinoma
Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood
Myxedema
Deficient production of parathyroid hormone
Hypoparathyroidism
Excessive secretion of adrenal gland androgens
Adrenal virilism
Hypo-functioning of the adrenal cortex
Addison disease
Excessive production of parathormone
Hyperparathyroidism
Extreme hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood
Cretinism
Over activity of the thyroid gland (thyrotoxicosis)
Hyperthyroidism
Group of signs and symptoms procduced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex
Cushing syndrome
Benign tumor of the adrenal medulla
Pheochromocytoma
Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone
Diabetes inspidus
Congenital hypo-secretion of growth hormone
Dwarfism
Hyper secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary beginning before puberty
Gigantism
Hyper secretion of the anterior pituitary beginning after puberty
Acromegaly
Deficiency of all hormones
Panhypopituitarism
Excess secretion of antidiuretic hormone
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH
Excess secretion of insulin leads to hypoglycemia
Hyperinsulinism
Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin to promote sugar, starch and fat (carbohydrate) metabolism in cells
Diabetes mellitus
