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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10: Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Nervous System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cerebell/o

A

Cerebellum

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2
Q

Cerebr/o

A

Cerebrum

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3
Q

Dur/o

A

Dura matter

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4
Q

Encephal/o

A

Brain

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5
Q

Gli/o

A

Glial cells

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6
Q

Lept/o

A

Thin, slender

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7
Q

Mening/o

A

Membranes, meninges

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8
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

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9
Q

Myel/o

A

Spinal cord

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10
Q

Neur/o

A

Nerve

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11
Q

Pont/o

A

Pons

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12
Q

Radicul/o

A

Nerve root

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13
Q

Thalam/o

A

Thalamus

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14
Q

Thec/o

A

Sheath

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15
Q

Vag/o

A

Vagus nerve

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16
Q

-algia

A

Pain

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17
Q

Caus/o

A

Burning

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18
Q

Comat/o

A

Deep sleep

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19
Q

Esthesi/o

-esthesia

A

Feeling, nervous sensation

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20
Q

Kines/o

-kinesia

A

Movement

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21
Q

Alges/o

-algesia

A

Excessive sensitivity to pain

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22
Q

-kinesis, kinetic

A

Movement

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23
Q

-lepsy

A

Seizure

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24
Q

Lex/o

A

Word, phrase

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25
Q

-paresis

A

Slight paralysis

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26
Q

-phasia

A

Speech

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27
Q

-plegia

A

Paralysis

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28
Q

-praxia

A

Action

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29
Q

-sthenia

A

Strength

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30
Q

Syncop/o

A

Cut off

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31
Q

Tax/o

A

Order, coordination

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32
Q

Three protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

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33
Q

Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell

A

Axon

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34
Q

A large, interlacing network of nerves

A

Plexus

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35
Q

Branching fiber that is first part of a neuron to receive a nervous impulse

A

Dendrite

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36
Q

Protective fatty tissue that surrounds the axon of a nerve cell

A

Myelin sheath

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37
Q

Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

A

Cauda equina

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38
Q

Glial cell that produces myelin

A

Oligodendroglia

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39
Q

Outer region of the largest part of the brain; composed of gray matter

A

Cerebral cortex

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40
Q

Thick outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting brain and spinal cord

A

Dura mater

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41
Q

Space, juncture through which a nervous impulse is transmitted from neuron to neuron

A

Synapse

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42
Q

Above spinal cord, controls breathing, heartbeat, and size of blood vessels, nerve fibers cross

A

Medulla oblongata

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43
Q

Beneath thalamus, controls sleep, appetite, body temperature and pituitary gland secretions

A

Hypothalamus

44
Q

Carries messages toward the brain from receptors

A

Sensory nerve

45
Q

Essential cell of the nervous system; a neuron

A

Parenchymal cell

46
Q

Innermost meningeal membrane

A

Pia mater

47
Q

Elevations in the cerebral cortex

A

Gyri

48
Q

Acetylcholine is an example of this chemical released into a synapse

A

Neurotransmitter

49
Q

Contains cerebrospinal fluid

A

Subarachnoid space

50
Q

Pertaining to inside spinal cord

A

Intrathecal

51
Q

Cancer starting in brain/spine

A

Glioma

52
Q

X-ray of the spinal cord

A

Myelogram

53
Q

Brain injury where blood gathers between dura and arachnoid

A

Subdural hematoma

54
Q

Tumor of meninges

A

Meningioma

55
Q

Abnormality of sensation

A

Paresthesias

56
Q

Slow movement

A

Bradykinesia

57
Q

Increased nervous sensation

A

Hyperesthesia

58
Q

Seizure of sleep

A

Narcolepsy

59
Q

Movements and behavior are not purposeful

A

Ataxia

60
Q

Fainting

A

Syncope

61
Q

Burning pain

A

Causalgia

62
Q

No coordination

A

Apraxia

63
Q

Slight paralysis in half the body

A

Hemiparesis

64
Q

Destruction of myelin sheath; replacement by plagues of hard scar tissue

A

Multiple sclerosis

65
Q

Sudden, transient disturbances of brain function marked by seizures

A

Epilepsy

66
Q

Loss of muscle strength; breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter

A

Myasthenia gravis

67
Q

Degeneration of nerves in the brain leading to tremors, shuffling gait and muscle stiffness; dopamine is deficient in the brain

A

Parkinson’s disease

68
Q

Deterioration of mental capacity (dementia) beginning in middle age; cerebral cortex atrophy, microscopic neurofibrillary tangles

A

Alzheimer’s disease

69
Q

Unilateral facial paralysis

A

Bell palsy

70
Q

Bacterial inflammation of meninges and subarachnoid cerebral spinal fluid

A

Pyogenic meningitis

71
Q

Neurological disorder marked by involuntary spasmodic twitching, uncontrollable vocal sounds and inappropriate words

A

Tourette syndrome

72
Q

Viral disease affecting peripheral nerves

A

Shingles

73
Q

A clot blocks an artery leading to the brain and blocks blood flow

A

Cerebral embolus

74
Q

Relieving but not curing

A

Palliative

75
Q

Major convulsive epileptic seizure

A

Tonic-clonic seizure

76
Q

Peculiar symptoms appearing before more definite symptoms

A

Aura

77
Q

Malignant brain tumor of immature glial cells

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

78
Q

Interruption of blood supply to the cerebrum

A

Transient ischemic attack

79
Q

Minor form of epileptic seizure

A

Absence seizure

80
Q

Blockage

A

Occlusion

81
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Dopamine

82
Q

Part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscle movements and maintaining balance

A

Cerebellum

83
Q

Pertaining to muscles and nerves

A

Myoneural

84
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Myelin

85
Q

Part of the nerve cell that first receives the nervous impulse is the

A

Dendrite

86
Q

Elevated portions of the cerebral cortex are called

A

Gyri

87
Q

Burning sensation of pain

A

Causalgia

88
Q

A network of interlacing nerve fibers in the PNS

A

Plexus

89
Q

Portion of the brain that controls the pituitary gland, water, balance and body temperature

A

Hypothalamus

90
Q

Glial cells

A

Astrocytes

91
Q

Space between the nerve cells is called the

A

Synapse

92
Q

Part of the brain that controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels

A

Thalamus

93
Q

Inability to speak

A

Aphasia

94
Q

Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

A

Cauda equina

95
Q

X-ray record of the spinal cord

A

Myelogram

96
Q

Collection of blood within the meningeal layers

A

Subdural hematoma

97
Q

Abnormal sensation of tingling or prickling

A

Paresthesia

98
Q

Inflammation of a spinal nerve root

A

Radiculitis

99
Q

A highly malignant brain tumor

A

Glioblastoma

100
Q

Paralysis of four extremities

A

Quadriplegia

101
Q

Cerebral aneurysm, thrombosis or hemorrhage can be the cause of

A

Cerebrovascular accident

102
Q

Fainting

A

Syncope

103
Q

Spins bífida is associated with

A

Myelomeningocele

104
Q

Parkinson’s disease is characterized by

A

Shuffling gait

105
Q

Disorder of reading, writing and learning is

A

Dyslexia

106
Q

Condition of no nervous system

A

Anesthesia

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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