Chapter 10: Nervous System Flashcards
Cerebell/o
Cerebellum
Cerebr/o
Cerebrum
Dur/o
Dura matter
Encephal/o
Brain
Gli/o
Glial cells
Lept/o
Thin, slender
Mening/o
Membranes, meninges
My/o
Muscle
Myel/o
Spinal cord
Neur/o
Nerve
Pont/o
Pons
Radicul/o
Nerve root
Thalam/o
Thalamus
Thec/o
Sheath
Vag/o
Vagus nerve
-algia
Pain
Caus/o
Burning
Comat/o
Deep sleep
Esthesi/o
-esthesia
Feeling, nervous sensation
Kines/o
-kinesia
Movement
Alges/o
-algesia
Excessive sensitivity to pain
-kinesis, kinetic
Movement
-lepsy
Seizure
Lex/o
Word, phrase
-paresis
Slight paralysis
-phasia
Speech
-plegia
Paralysis
-praxia
Action
-sthenia
Strength
Syncop/o
Cut off
Tax/o
Order, coordination
Three protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Meninges
Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell
Axon
A large, interlacing network of nerves
Plexus
Branching fiber that is first part of a neuron to receive a nervous impulse
Dendrite
Protective fatty tissue that surrounds the axon of a nerve cell
Myelin sheath
Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord
Cauda equina
Glial cell that produces myelin
Oligodendroglia
Outer region of the largest part of the brain; composed of gray matter
Cerebral cortex
Thick outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting brain and spinal cord
Dura mater
Space, juncture through which a nervous impulse is transmitted from neuron to neuron
Synapse
Above spinal cord, controls breathing, heartbeat, and size of blood vessels, nerve fibers cross
Medulla oblongata
Beneath thalamus, controls sleep, appetite, body temperature and pituitary gland secretions
Hypothalamus
Carries messages toward the brain from receptors
Sensory nerve
Essential cell of the nervous system; a neuron
Parenchymal cell
Innermost meningeal membrane
Pia mater
Elevations in the cerebral cortex
Gyri
Acetylcholine is an example of this chemical released into a synapse
Neurotransmitter
Contains cerebrospinal fluid
Subarachnoid space
Pertaining to inside spinal cord
Intrathecal
Cancer starting in brain/spine
Glioma
X-ray of the spinal cord
Myelogram
Brain injury where blood gathers between dura and arachnoid
Subdural hematoma
Tumor of meninges
Meningioma
Abnormality of sensation
Paresthesias
Slow movement
Bradykinesia
Increased nervous sensation
Hyperesthesia
Seizure of sleep
Narcolepsy
Movements and behavior are not purposeful
Ataxia
Fainting
Syncope
Burning pain
Causalgia
No coordination
Apraxia
Slight paralysis in half the body
Hemiparesis
Destruction of myelin sheath; replacement by plagues of hard scar tissue
Multiple sclerosis
Sudden, transient disturbances of brain function marked by seizures
Epilepsy
Loss of muscle strength; breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter
Myasthenia gravis
Degeneration of nerves in the brain leading to tremors, shuffling gait and muscle stiffness; dopamine is deficient in the brain
Parkinson’s disease
Deterioration of mental capacity (dementia) beginning in middle age; cerebral cortex atrophy, microscopic neurofibrillary tangles
Alzheimer’s disease
Unilateral facial paralysis
Bell palsy
Bacterial inflammation of meninges and subarachnoid cerebral spinal fluid
Pyogenic meningitis
Neurological disorder marked by involuntary spasmodic twitching, uncontrollable vocal sounds and inappropriate words
Tourette syndrome
Viral disease affecting peripheral nerves
Shingles
A clot blocks an artery leading to the brain and blocks blood flow
Cerebral embolus
Relieving but not curing
Palliative
Major convulsive epileptic seizure
Tonic-clonic seizure
Peculiar symptoms appearing before more definite symptoms
Aura
Malignant brain tumor of immature glial cells
Glioblastoma multiforme
Interruption of blood supply to the cerebrum
Transient ischemic attack
Minor form of epileptic seizure
Absence seizure
Blockage
Occlusion
Neurotransmitter
Dopamine
Part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscle movements and maintaining balance
Cerebellum
Pertaining to muscles and nerves
Myoneural
Neurotransmitter
Myelin
Part of the nerve cell that first receives the nervous impulse is the
Dendrite
Elevated portions of the cerebral cortex are called
Gyri
Burning sensation of pain
Causalgia
A network of interlacing nerve fibers in the PNS
Plexus
Portion of the brain that controls the pituitary gland, water, balance and body temperature
Hypothalamus
Glial cells
Astrocytes
Space between the nerve cells is called the
Synapse
Part of the brain that controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels
Thalamus
Inability to speak
Aphasia
Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord
Cauda equina
X-ray record of the spinal cord
Myelogram
Collection of blood within the meningeal layers
Subdural hematoma
Abnormal sensation of tingling or prickling
Paresthesia
Inflammation of a spinal nerve root
Radiculitis
A highly malignant brain tumor
Glioblastoma
Paralysis of four extremities
Quadriplegia
Cerebral aneurysm, thrombosis or hemorrhage can be the cause of
Cerebrovascular accident
Fainting
Syncope
Spins bífida is associated with
Myelomeningocele
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by
Shuffling gait
Disorder of reading, writing and learning is
Dyslexia
Condition of no nervous system
Anesthesia
