Chapter 5 Deck

Question 1

Classical Conditioning

Answer 1

learning based on associating a stimulus that does not ordinarily elicit a response with another stimulus that does elicit the response

Question 2

Operant Conditioning

Answer 2

learning based on association of behavior with its consequences (rewards to encourage behavior and punishment to discourage behavior

Question 3

IQ (intelligence quotient) tests

Answer 3

psychometric tests that seek to measure intelligence by comparing a test-taker’s performance with standardized norms

Question 4

Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME)

Answer 4

instrument to measure the influence of the home environment on children’s cognitive growth

Question 5

Early Intervention

Answer 5

systematic process of providing services to help families meet young children’s developmental needs

Question 6

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 6

Piaget’s first stage in cognitive development, in which infants learn through senses and motor activity

Question 7

Object Permanence

Answer 7

Piaget’s term for the understanding that a person or object still exists when out of sight (Example: peek a boo)

Question 8

Information-Processing Approach

Answer 8

what are the parts of a task and what abilities are needed for each part and at what age are these abilities developed

Question 9

Cross-Modal Transfer

Answer 9

ability to use information gained by one sense to guide another (example of someone negotiating a dark room by feeling around for familiar objects in the room)

Question 10

Social-Contexual Approach

Answer 10

this approach looks at how culture affects early social interaction

Question 11

Language

Answer 11

communication system based on words and grammar

Question 12

Prelinguistic Speech

Answer 12

forerunner of linguistic speech; utterance of sounds that are not words; includes crying, cooing, babbling, and accidental and deliberate imitation of sounds without understanding their meaning

Question 13

Babbling

Answer 13

repeating consonant–vowel strings such as “ma-ma-ma-ma”

Question 14

Holophrase

Answer 14

single word that conveys a complete thought…example dada may mean “I want daddy” or “daddy come here.”

Question 15

Telegraphic Speech

Answer 15

early form of sentence use consisting of only a few essential words

Question 16

Code Mixing

Answer 16

use of elements of two languages, sometimes in the same utterance, by young children in households where both languages are spoken

Question 17

Influences on Early Language Development

Answer 17

brain development and social interaction and linguistic environment

Question 18

Child-directed Speech (CDS)

Answer 18

form of speech often used in talking to babies or toddlers (aka baby talk)