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Chem > Chapter 5; Chemical Quantities And Introduction To Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

Chapter 5; Chemical Quantities And Introduction To Chemical Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

convert 1 mole of atoms to atoms

A

1 mol of atoms = 6.02 x 10^23 atoms

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2
Q

convert 1 mol of molecules to molecules

A

1 mole of molecules = 6.02 x 10^23 molecules

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3
Q

convert 1 mole of formula units to formula units (ions)

A

1 mole of formula units = 6.02 x 10^23 formula units

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4
Q

what describes a mole

A
  • 6.022 x 10^23 items
  • the amount of a substance containing the same number of formulas units as there are atoms in 12 g of carbon
  • Avogadro’s number of items
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5
Q

in any chemical reaction, reactants become […]

A

products

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6
Q

the numbers indicate the ratio of reactant and products.

A

coefficient / ratios

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7
Q

what are chemical changes

A

also known as chemical reactions, the transformation of elements and/or compounds into different elements and/or compounds
- existing bonds are broken and new bonds are formed

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8
Q

atoms, ions, and molecules undergo reactions in […] - number proportions

A

whole

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9
Q

atoms, ions, and molecules are extremely […] and […] to count

A

small
hard

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10
Q

how is molecular mass and formula mass calculated

A
  • atomic masses (periodic table) and
  • formula for the compund
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11
Q

molecular mass is for […] bonds

A

covalent

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12
Q

formula mass is for […] bonds

A

ionic

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13
Q

what is the units when calculating molecular mass

A

amu/molecule
e.g. H20
1.008 x 2 = 2.016
16.00 x 1 = 16.00
= 18.016 amu/molecule

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14
Q

what Is the mole and Avogadro’s number based on

A

the number of atoms in 12.00 g of carbon-12
avogados number of particles = 1 mole of those particles

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15
Q

the mass of 1 mole of any substance is its

A

molar mass
e.g. Helium; atomic mass is 4.003 amu, and its molar mass is 4.003 g/mol
e.g. carbon; atomic mass is 16.00 amu, and its molar mass is 16.00 g/mol

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16
Q

how to convert moles to mass (grams)

A

1 mole = […] grams

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17
Q

how to calculate percent composition

A

total mass of element in the compound
__________________________________________
total mass of the compound

x100%
= % composition

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18
Q

chemical changes can be observed as;

A

change in color formation of a solid (called precipitate)
heat being produced
evolution of a gas
noticeable aroma

19
Q

atoms, ions, and molecules are in […] motion

A

constant

20
Q

what happens at the molecular level when atoms, ions, and molecules collide with each other

A
  • most collisions cause particles to bounce away
  • some collisions have enough energy to cause a chemical reaction to occur
21
Q

in a chemical reaction, bonds […] and new bonds are formed as […] are converted into […]

A

break
reactants
products

22
Q

since reactants and products are different from each other, do they still contain the same atoms

A

yes

23
Q

what changes in the law of conservation of mass

A

only the bonds between atoms change

24
Q

the law of conservation of mass states that in […] reactions, atoms are neither […] or […]

A

chemical
created
destroyed

25
Q

what does s stand for in chemical equations

A

solids (s)

26
Q

what does l stand for in chemical equations

A

liquid (l)

27
Q

what does g stand for in chemical equations

A

gas (g)

28
Q

what does aq stand for in chemical equations

A

aqueous (aq)
side note; substances that can be dissolved in water

29
Q

whole number […] indicate relative proportions
e.g. 2NO

A

coefficients

30
Q

what are stoichiometric calculations

A
  • the maximum number of moles of product formed from a given number of moles of reactant and
  • the maximum mass of product formed from a given mass of reactant
31
Q

from a balanced equation, the moles of any reactant or product can be calculated from any other reactant or product by using their coefficients to create a […] factor

A

conversion

32
Q

what are the four types of chemical reactions

A

combination
decomposition
single replacement
double replacement

33
Q

what are other classifications of chemical reaction

A

oxidation-reduction (transfer of electrons)
acid base (transfer of H+)
combustion (reaction with elemental oxygen)
reactions with organic compounds

34
Q

what are combination reactions

A

two elements and/or compounds come together to form one compound
e.g.
A + B -> AB

35
Q

what is a decomposition reactions

A

a single compound breaks down into two elements and/or compounds
AB -> A + B

36
Q

what is a singe replacement reaction

A

an element substitutes for an atom in a compound to produce a new compound a new element
e.g.
A + BC -> AC + B

37
Q

what is a double replacement reaction

A

one atom or group in one reactant substitutes for one atom or group in another reactant to produce two new products, which both contain an atom or group from both reactants
e.g. AB + CD -> AD + CB

38
Q

double replacement reactions that form lower energy solid ionic compounds are called […] reactions. the formation of this solid product ( […] ) is the driving force of the reaction

A

precipitation
precipitate

39
Q

what is oxidation - reduction reactions transfer electrons

A

oxidation = loss of electrons
reduction = gain of electrons

40
Q

oxidation and reduction always occur […]

A

together

41
Q

OIL stands for

A

oxidation is loss of electrons

42
Q

RIG stands for

A

reduction is gain of electrons

43
Q

how to identify transfer of electrons when they are not obvious (organic compounds containing mostly C and H atoms)

A

oxidation; increase in O and/or decrease in H
reduction; decrease in O and/or increase in H

Chem (12 decks)

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