Chapter 4; Molecular Geometry, Polarity, And Intermolecular Forces Of Attraction Flashcards
what is electron geometry
relative position of the groups of electrons on the central atom
what groups does the electron geometry include
single bond
double bond
a triple bond
a nonbonding pair
what is molecular geometry
relative position of the atoms in a molecule; determine by the electron geometry
what does the VSEPR theory predict about groups of electrons
predicts that groups of electrons on the central atom are oriented to maximize distance between them
depending on the number of groups of electrons what are main three names
two groups; linear
three groups; trigonal planar
four groups; tetrahedral
what are the angles for a linear, trigonal planar, and tetrahedral group
linear - 180
trigonal planar - 120
tetrahedral - 109.5
what is molecular geometry determined by
based on the number of bonding versus nonbonding groups on the central atom
what is the electron and molecular geometry for 2 electron groups
electron - linear
molecular - linear
what is the electron and molecular geometry for 3 electron groups
electron - trigonal planar
molecular - trigonal or bent (2 bonding and 1 nonbonding group)
what is the electron and molecular geometry for 4 electron groups
electron - tetrahedral
molecular - tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal (3 bonding and 1 nonbonding groups), or bent (2 bonding and 2 nonbonding groups)
how to find a molecular bond angle
angle (0 - 360)
what is molecular polarity
- determines how molecules interact with each other at the molecular level
- molecular level interactions determine their macroscopic properties
what is a covalent bond
two atoms sharing valence electrons
is sharing valence electrons always equal in covalent bonds
no; one atoms may attract the electrons in a bond more closely towards it nucleus
what is electronegativity
ability of an atom, when part of a covalent bond, to draw electrons towards its nucleus
as the atomic # increases what happens to the protons and electrons
atomic # increases = more protons in atoms = attract electrons
what does negativity attract.
what does positive attract
negative attracts positive
positive attracts negative
in the periodic table which ways does electronegativity increase in the periodic table
down to up
left to right
when increasing electronegativity do the atoms get smaller or bigger
smaller
as go down a group it adds energy levels, so the electron cloud gets bigger = further away the less get pulled to nucleus
what determines if a bond is polar or non polar
electronegativity differences
in an electron density diagram that shows polar and non polar molecules, what color is high density
red
in an electron density diagram that shows polar and no polar molecules what color is low density
blue
in an electron density diagram that shows polar and non polar molecules, what color is neutral
green to yellow
atom with a greater electron density has a partial negative charge
s^-