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OV1113- Biological Sciences > Chapter 5- Biochemistry (2) > Flashcards

Chapter 5- Biochemistry (2) Flashcards

1
Q

Where are glycoproteins and glycolipids found?

A

On cell surfaces for cell recognition.

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2
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

Monosaccharides- composed of one simple sugar like glucose and fructose

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3
Q

What is the general formula of a monosaccharide?

A

CH20

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4
Q

Within the structure of a monosaccharide, there is always a double bond to what?

A

Oxygen

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5
Q

What is an aldehyde?

A

When the double bond to oxygen is found on the carbon at the end of the chain.

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6
Q

What is a ketone?

A

If the double bond to oxygen is found on the carbon at the middle of the chain.

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7
Q

In aqueous solution, the aldehyde or ketone group of a sugar molecule tends to react with what and what does this cause?

A

Reacts with a hydroxyl group of the same molecule, thereby closing the molecule into a ring.

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8
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

When two monosaccharides join together via a condensation reaction.

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9
Q

What is the bond formed between a disaccharide?

A

A glycosidic bond

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10
Q

What type of bond is a glycosidic bond?

A

A covalent bond

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11
Q

What are the common disaccharides?

A

1- Sucrose- glucose + fructose

2- Lactose- galactose + glucose

3- Maltose- glucose + glucose

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12
Q

What are oligosaccharides?

A

Polymers containing a small number of monosaccharides.

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13
Q

What do oligosaccharides play a role in?

A

Cell- cell recognition- glycocalyx

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14
Q

What do oligosaccharides help form?

A

Glycoproteins and glycolipids

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15
Q

What is the glycocalyx made up of?

A

Glycoproteins

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16
Q

Proteoglycans and glycoproteins are composed of what?

A

Protein and carbohydrate

17
Q

Proteoglycans play an important role in what?

A

Connective tissues. They form the ground substance of connective tissues

18
Q

What are some of the functions of proteoglycans?

A

1- Create hydrated spaces around cells and withstand compression.

2- Can regulate fluid and can bind cations (e.g, zinc, iron, copper).

19
Q

What is the proteoglycan structure?

A

Sticking out from the proteoglycan protein chain are glycosaminoglycans (GAGS) which are chains of repeating disaccharide units.

20
Q

GAGS extend out from the core protein to form what sort of structure?

A

Proteoglycan- bottle brush structure

21
Q

What are some examples of proteoglycans?

A

1- Hyaluronic acid

2- Keratan sulphate

22
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

Is a polymeric carbohydrate molecule composed of long chains of monosaccharide units.

23
Q

What are polysaccharides used for?

A

Storage or structural purposes

OV1113- Biological Sciences (42 decks)

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