Chapter 2- Tissue types (2)

Question 1

Give an overview of elastic fibres

Answer 1

1- Composed of elastin.

2- Thinner than collagen

3- Stretches readily and return to their original form after a force is removed.

4- Ideal for supporting moving structures, e.g, skin, lungs

Question 2

What are the cells inside the connective tissue called?

Answer 2

Fibroblasts

Question 3

What are fibroblasts?

Answer 3

They secrete the fibres and the ground substance.

Question 4

There are other less, numerous cells. What are they and whats their function?

Answer 4

1- Plasma cells- produces antibodies

2- Macrophages- responsible for phagocytosis- eating other cells

3- Mast cells- detects foreign organisms and initiates local inflammatory responses against them

Question 5

What are the types of connective tissue?

Answer 5

1- Specialist connective tissue- cartilage, blood, bone, etc

2- Connective tissue proper

Question 6

Connective tissue proper is separated into two types. What are the two types?

Answer 6

Loose connective tissue proper- fibres loosely arranged

Dense- fibres densely arranged.

Question 7

Loose connective tissue can be subdivided into what?

Answer 7

areolar and adipose

Question 8

Dense connective tissue can be sub divided into what?

Answer 8

Regular and irregular

Question 9

Give an overview of loose areolar connective tissue proper

Answer 9

1- Is the packaging material of the body

2- Soft and flexible

3- Most widely distributed form of connective tissue

Question 10

What is the function of the loose areolar connective tissue proper?

Answer 10

It traps fluid, e.g, bruising is an example of fluid being trapped.

Question 11

What is an areola?

Answer 11

Small open space

Question 12

Give an overview of loose adipose connective tissue proper

Answer 12

1- Similar to areolar in structure, but its nutrient storing ability is much greater.

2- It is largely made up of fat cells (adipocytes)

Question 13

What do adipocytes look like and why do they look like that?

Answer 13

They appear as white spaces as all organelles have been pushed to the side and the whole cell lis occupied by a fat droplet.

Question 14

What is the function of loose adipose connective tissue proper?

Answer 14

1- Acts as a shock absorber

2- Acts as insulation

3- Acts as an energy storage site.

Question 15

Give an overview of the structure of dense regular connective tissue proper

Answer 15

1- Highly fibrous

2- Contains closely packed bundles of collagen fibres, all running in the same direction.

Question 16

What does the structure of dense regular connective tissue proper enable?

Answer 16

Allows enormous, tensile strength- resistance to pulling in a single direction.

Question 17

What is dense regular connective tissue proper useful for?

Answer 17

Ideal for tendons- attaching muscle to bone

Ideal for ligaments- attaching bone to bone

Question 18

Give an overview of the structure of the dense irregular connective tissue proper

Answer 18

1- The same basic elements as dense regular, but the bundles of collagen fibres are much thicker and run in all directions.

Question 19

What does the structure of the dense irregular connective tissue proper enable?

Answer 19

The structure allows strength in all directions

Question 20

Where is the dense irregular connective tissue proper useful for?

Answer 20

Useful in skin, and for certain internal organs, e.g, kidney

Question 21

What is an epithelial tissue?

Answer 21

A sheet of cells that covers a body surface. They form boundaries between different environments.

Question 22

Epithelia come in two main forms:

Answer 22

1- Covering epithelia- lines the surfaces of the outer body and internal organs.

2- Glandular epithelia- forms the various glands of the body

Question 23

What is the function of covering epithelia?

Answer 23

1- Protection
2- Absorption

Question 24

What is the structure of epithelial cells?

Answer 24

1- Usually polyhedral in shape

2- Has strong attachments between adjacent cells.

Question 25

What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Answer 25

Most epithelial tissue is highly regenerative- able to recover from damage

They are highly innervated- has sensory and motor nerve fibres

They are avascular- have no blood vessels