Chapter 5- Biochemistry (1) Flashcards
Give some functions of proteins:
1- Proteins come in the form of enzymes
2- Can be used for transport and storage, i.e, haemoglobin
3- Mechanical support
4- Signalling and receptors
What do amino acids contain?
1- A central C that forms 4 single covalent bonds to
2- Amino group (NH2)
3- Carboxyl group (COOH)
4- H atom
5- R group- variable unit and determines what type of amino acid and determines the chemical nature of that amino acid
How many standard amino acids are there?
20
The different chemical properties are:
1- Acidic
2- Basic
3- Non- polar
4- Polar
What is the formation of proline?
The R group covalently binds to the NH2 group of the central carbon which folds back the amino acid.
What makes proline different to other amino acids?
It has more rigidity compared to other amino acids
What does the rigidity of proline help stabalise?
Folded proteins
Where is proline often found?
Often found in very tight turns in protein structures, where the polypeptide chain must change direction.
How are amino acids held together?
Amino acids are held together by peptide bonds.
What is a dipeptide?
Two amino acids joined together
What is a polypeptide?
Two or more amino acids joined together
When amino acids join together, what reaction takes place?
Condensation reaction
What is a condensation reaction?
When two molecules join together and release water.
How is the protein shape dictated?
By the amino acid sequence
What bonds never form between R groups?
Covalent bonds
