Chapter 3- Organ systems (1)

Question 1

What is an organ system?

Answer 1

A series of organs all working together to perform a particular function e.g, cardiovascular system

Question 2

How many tissue types does an organ normally contain?

Answer 2

All four tissue types

Question 3

What does the cardiovascular system consist of?

Answer 3

A network of blood vessels carrying blood around the body. The blood is continuously pumped by the heart.

Question 4

What are the main other organ systems in the body and what are their brief functions?

Answer 4

1- Skeletal system- supports and protects

2- Muscular system- movement and heat production

3- Nervous system- Fast acting control system

4- Endocrine system- regulation of homeostasis

5- Respiratory system- gaseous exchange

Question 5

What is interdependence?

Answer 5

When organ systems work in unison to ensure we can perform the functions needed for life.

Question 6

What is interstitial fluid (extracellular fluid)?

Answer 6

Any of the fluid outside of cells

Question 7

What are some of the functions of life?

Answer 7

1- Maintaining boundaries- keeping the internal environment separate from the outside environment

2- Movement- propelling ourselves from one place to the other.

3- Responsiveness- We respond to changes in the environment very rapidly due to the nervous system.

4- Metabolism- all the chemical reactions that happen inside your cells

Question 8

What two systems work together to generate movement?

Answer 8

The muscular system and skeletal system

Question 9

What are other examples of movement apart from external movements?

Answer 9

1- The pumping of blood via the cardiovascular system

2- The movement of food via the digestive system

Question 10

What two systems work together to get rid of faeces and nitrogen?

Answer 10

Digestive system and urinary system

Question 11

What is the integumentary system?

Answer 11

A waterproof, stretchable, and air conditioned coat that automatically repairs itself.

Question 12

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 12

1- Protects deep tissues from injury

2- Forms the external body covering

3- Synthesises vitamin D

Question 13

What is the function of the skin?

Answer 13

It acts as a barrier. It is for protection

Question 14

The skin has two layers:

What are the two layers made up of?

Answer 14

1- Epidermis- made up of epithelial cells

2- Dermis- made up of dense irregular connective tissue

Question 15

The epidermis is vascularised. What does this mean?

Answer 15

It has blood vessels.

Question 16

What are the types of skin secretions that allow chemical protection?

Answer 16

1- Acid mantle- thin layer of oil and water mixed which delays bacterial growth due to low pH.

2- Dermcidin in sweat and bactericides in sebum kill bacteria off

3- Melanin- Chemical pigment shield – prevents light damage of cells

Question 17

What is sebum?

Answer 17

An oily secretion from the sebaceous glands

Question 18

What is a sebaceous gland?

Answer 18

Small oil producing gland present in the skin

Question 19

What are the features of the skin that allow physical protection?

Answer 19

1- Skin continuity- this will prevent anything getting inside the body

2- Cell hardness due to keratin- fibrous structural proteins

Question 20

What are the features of the skin that allows it to act as biological barrier?

Answer 20

Immune cells survey the epidermis to prevent pathogen invasion.

Other functions include temperature regulation and excretion- excrete uric acid through sweat.

Question 21

What is hair made up of?

Answer 21

Dead, keratinised cells- cells containing keratin

Question 22

What are the functions of hair?

Answer 22

1- For warmth

2- Protection from trauma and the sun

3- Eyelashes shield our eyes and nose hairs prevent us inhaling things.

Question 23

What are nails made up of?

Answer 23

Dead, keratinised cells

Question 24

What are the functions of nails?

Answer 24

Protection- prevents damage to fingertips or toe tips