Chapter 3- Organ systems (1) Flashcards
What is an organ system?
A series of organs all working together to perform a particular function e.g, cardiovascular system
How many tissue types does an organ normally contain?
All four tissue types
What does the cardiovascular system consist of?
A network of blood vessels carrying blood around the body. The blood is continuously pumped by the heart.
What are the main other organ systems in the body and what are their brief functions?
1- Skeletal system- supports and protects
2- Muscular system- movement and heat production
3- Nervous system- Fast acting control system
4- Endocrine system- regulation of homeostasis
5- Respiratory system- gaseous exchange
What is interdependence?
When organ systems work in unison to ensure we can perform the functions needed for life.
What is interstitial fluid (extracellular fluid)?
Any of the fluid outside of cells
What are some of the functions of life?
1- Maintaining boundaries- keeping the internal environment separate from the outside environment
2- Movement- propelling ourselves from one place to the other.
3- Responsiveness- We respond to changes in the environment very rapidly due to the nervous system.
4- Metabolism- all the chemical reactions that happen inside your cells
What two systems work together to generate movement?
The muscular system and skeletal system
What are other examples of movement apart from external movements?
1- The pumping of blood via the cardiovascular system
2- The movement of food via the digestive system
What two systems work together to get rid of faeces and nitrogen?
Digestive system and urinary system
What is the integumentary system?
A waterproof, stretchable, and air conditioned coat that automatically repairs itself.
What are the functions of the integumentary system?
1- Protects deep tissues from injury
2- Forms the external body covering
3- Synthesises vitamin D
What is the function of the skin?
It acts as a barrier. It is for protection
The skin has two layers:
What are the two layers made up of?
1- Epidermis- made up of epithelial cells
2- Dermis- made up of dense irregular connective tissue
The epidermis is vascularised. What does this mean?
It has blood vessels.
What are the types of skin secretions that allow chemical protection?
1- Acid mantle- thin layer of oil and water mixed which delays bacterial growth due to low pH.
2- Dermcidin in sweat and bactericides in sebum kill bacteria off
3- Melanin- Chemical pigment shield – prevents light damage of cells
What is sebum?
An oily secretion from the sebaceous glands
What is a sebaceous gland?
Small oil producing gland present in the skin
What are the features of the skin that allow physical protection?
1- Skin continuity- this will prevent anything getting inside the body
2- Cell hardness due to keratin- fibrous structural proteins
What are the features of the skin that allows it to act as biological barrier?
Immune cells survey the epidermis to prevent pathogen invasion.
Other functions include temperature regulation and excretion- excrete uric acid through sweat.
What is hair made up of?
Dead, keratinised cells- cells containing keratin
What are the functions of hair?
1- For warmth
2- Protection from trauma and the sun
3- Eyelashes shield our eyes and nose hairs prevent us inhaling things.
What are nails made up of?
Dead, keratinised cells
What are the functions of nails?
Protection- prevents damage to fingertips or toe tips
