Chapter 5 and 6 Flashcards
an example of a Renaissance man. He was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician. He painted realistically (humanist influences) and dissected human bodies to better understand how they worked. He also believed the need to advance beyond realism. He was a humanist.
Leonardo Da Vinci
wrote The Prince, which was influential to political power in the New World. The Prince is about how to get power and keep it. He believed that to have power you could not use morals, you had to be harsh to rule well. He was a political scientist.
Niccolò Machiavelli
Italian poet, wrote Divine Comedy, which was a work of Italian vernacular literature. The book is about a soul’s journey to salvation.
Danté
He wrote The Canterbury Tales which is an example of vernacular literature. Known as the “Father on Modern English literature.’ He was the first to write fiction in a long time.
Chaucer
artist during the High Renaissance. He was a painter, sculptor, and architect. He painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling in Rome and sculpted the David and sculpted the Piéta.
Michelangelo
a Flemish (present day Belgium) painter, one of the first to use oil paint (variety of color and detailed), and imitated nature by observing it and trying to show it as well as he could.
Jan Van Eyck
a monk and professor at the University of Wittenberg in Germany. He studied the Bible and found that many things that the Catholic Church was teaching was not what he believed. He wrote a list of the things that he thought the Catholic Church was doing wrong and it was called the Ninety-five Theses. Because of the printing press, copies of the Ninety-five Theses were spread around Europe. Was excommunicated from the Catholic Church and while they were deciding what to do with him he walked out and went into hiding. Accidentally started a new church.
Martin Luther
was educated in France, converted to Protestantism, left France and went to Switzerland because of religious conflict, published the Institutes of the Christian Religion, which was a summary of Protestant thought, he believed almost the same things as Luther but he also believed in predestination which led to the creation of Calvinism. Calvinism replaced Lutheranism as the most prominent form of Protestantism in Europe. One of the main Calvinist beliefs was predestination.
John Calvin
wanted to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, but the pope would not annul his marriage he went to a court in England that declared his marriage with Catherine invalid. He married Anne Boleyn. She had a daughter with him named Elizabeth. He then proceeded to marry Jane. England left the Catholic Church and he became the head of the Church of England. He destroyed anything related to Catholicism and sold the land. When he died he was succeeded by his son Edward VI. He left the Catholic Church so he could divorce his wife and get more power (got land from Church)
Henry VIII
a Spanish conquistador who discovered the Philippine Islands. Known for circumnavigating the globe although he was killed in the Philippines but the others on his voyage were successful
Magellan
an Italian explorer, is credited with discovering the Americas on a voyage to find a new route to Asia. He reached Cuba, Hispaniola, islands of the Caribbean, and Honduras. Wasn’t Spanish but represented Spain because Queen Isabella funded his voyage.
Christopher Columbus
Portuguese prince, sponsored the exploration of the western coast of Africa, which led to the discovery of gold there. Made Portugal the leader in European exploration because they had the best technology. Founded a school of navigation.
Prince Henry the Navigator
Italian sailor, explored the New England coastline of the Americas for England (basis for England’s land claims in the Americas)
John Cabot
a Florentine explorer, went on voyages to the Americas and wrote about what he saw, his letters led to the name America. He was the mapmaker of America.
Amerigo Vespucci
a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition to South America and he took control of the Incan Empire high in the Peruvian Andes. Known for murdering the Incan king because he acted friendly towards the king then kidnapped him and held him for ransom and after the people paid it he still killed him)
Francisco Pizarro
the Spanish conquerer of the Aztec empire, believed that the natives had to convert to Catholicism.
Hernan Cortes
word that refers to when tourists in Mexico get dysentery
Montezuma’s revenge
a French Explorer that explored what is now Canada and the St. Lawrence River
Jacques Cartier
Spanish explorer, led the first European expedition that went past the Mississippi River
Hernando De Soto
Spanish explorer and conquistador, led the first European expedition to Florida
Juan Ponce de León
French explorer that founded New France and Quebec city
Samuel de Champlain
German, invented the movable type printing press (not exactly because Chinese had invented it first)
Johannes Gutenberg
brought stability to their land, sponsored the voyages of Christopher Columbus, unified Spain by marriage, parents of Catherine
Ferdinand and Isabella
a Catholic queen who wanted to restore England to Roman Catholicism. She had Protestants burned if they refused the switch, but this had the opposite effect and England was even more Protestant then before. Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine. Was executed
Bloody Mary
Basis: humans are naturally good. An intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history
humanism
supposed to be the reform of the Catholic Church but actually began Protestant church
Reformation
the rebirth of want for fine arts, time period, not focused on religion, Roman and Greek works were re-discovered
Renaissance
worldly, not about church
secular
a document that the Catholic Church sold telling people that if they bought they would go to heaven, caused the Reformation
indulgence
the belief that God has decided whether someone is going to Heaven or Hell
predestination
a set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century; it held that the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver. Only helped the mother country not the colonies.
mercantilism
Spanish conquerers of the Americas, mostly noblemen
conquistadors
an administrative organization that relies on nonelective officials and regular procedures. Were in New World. They collected taxes, assigned projects)
bureaucracy
large agricultural estates, most of the labor was forced and usually grew cash crops
plantations
a settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country by trade and direct governmental control
colony
the journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas, so called because it was the middle portion of the triangular trade route
Middle Passage
a pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africa, and Asia, and the American continents; typically, manufactured goods from Europe were sent to Africa, where they were exchanged for slaves, who were sent to the Americas, where they were exchanged for raw materials and then were sent to Europe
triangular trade
people that were Protestant but strongly disliked the state having power in the church. They also believed in adult baptism, and believed all people are equal in front of God. They were focused on free will and believed baptisms required a full dunking in the water
Anabaptists
a domination of Protestantism that believes in predestination. Started by John Calvin. Believed in an all seeing and all knowing God.
Calvinism
The three points of the triangular trade and the materials sent.
Africa, Caribbean, North America
Slaves were brought from Africa to the Caribbean to work on sugar cane plantations then the sugar cane was taken to America to be sold
