Chapter 12 Flashcards
the meeting of Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia in September 1814 to arrange a final peace settlement after the Napoleonic Wars. It lasted several months. The conservatives were in charge.
Congress of Vienna
money available for investment
capital
a person interested in finding new business opportunities and new ways to make profit (invested capital, energy, etc. to make money)
entrepreneur
a cloth production method where spinners made cotton thread from raw cotton. Then, weavers wove the thread into cloth on looms. These task were done by individuals in their rural homes. (Is destroyed by capitalism)
cottage industry
system in which price and production levels are set by the market not external control. It was based on industrial production and created the industrial middle class.
capitalism
a system in which society, usually in the form of government, owns and controls some means of production, such as factories and utilities
socialism
a Scottish engineer who improved the steam engine in the 1760s. He enabled the engine to drive machinery in 1782. (Important invention-made factories and it powers other inventions)
James Watt
developed the process called puddling. In this process, coke, which was derived from coal, was used to burn away impurities in crude iron, called pig iron, and produce an iron of high quality. (Useful when iron was used to make other things)
Henry Cort
built the first paddle-wheel steamboat called the Clermont in 1807. It allowed for travel on rivers and for overseas transport.
Robert Fulton
the Austrian foreign prime minister who led the Congress of Vienna. He was a Machiavellian ruler and was ruthless.
Klemens von Metternich
the political philosophy based on tradition and social stability. They favored obedience to political authority and believed that organized religion was crucial to order in society. (wanted to avoid change)
conservatism
advocates for change
Liberalism
the unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols. (extreme patriotism and encouraged citizens to prove that their nation is the best)
nationalism
He was the bourbon heir and his government refused to make changes and opposition grew leading to a revolt. His monarchy was overthrown in 1848. It was replaced by a provisional government and eventually Louis-Napoleon.
Louis-Philippe
the first president of the Second Republic. He was the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte. The Franco-Prussian war was a catalyst for his removal since France lost.
Louis-Napoleon (Napoleon III)
the 38 German states recognized by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. (Austria and Prussia were the strongest) Waves of German immigration to the U.s. helped the U.s.’s industrialization
German Confederation
an all-German parliament that was held to fulfill a liberal and nationalist dream - the preparation of a constitution for a new united Germany. Deputies to the parliament were elected by universal male suffrage. It failed to achieve its goal because many
German rulers did not want to accept it.
Frankfurt Assembly