Chapter 11 Sec. 3 Flashcards
Napoleon brought an end to what?
The French Revolution
He rose to power in the _________ and then to supreme power in France
military
Born in 1769 in ________ (island in the Mediterranean Sea)
Corsica
Son of a ________ lawyer
Florentine
Studied at ________ school that led to his position as lieutenant in the French army
military
Made a ________ general by the Committee of Public Safety
brigadier
Later made the commander of the French armies in _____
Italy
Given command of an army in training to invade _______
Britain
How did Napoleon decide to attack Britain to begin with and how did it turn it out?
Decided to strike indirectly by taking Egypt and threatening India
British cut off his army so Napoleon abandoned army and returned to Paris
Took part in the _____ _‘_______ that overthrew the Directory
coup d’état
The new government was called the ______
consulate
Napoleon was named the first _______
consul
Napoleon crowned himself the ___________
emperor
He made peace with the _______
Church
Made an agreement with the ______ that recognized _________ as the major religion in France and the pope agreed not to ask for the return of church lands seized in the revolution
pope, Catholicism
Results of making peace with the Church
Church was no longer an enemy of the French government
Those who had bought church lands became avid supporters of Napoleon
Napoleon made ______ codes of law
seven
Most important code of law
Civil Code (Napoleonic Code)
What was stated by the Civil Code?
Preserved most of the gains of the revolution by recognizing equality of citizens before law
Right to choose a profession
Religious freedom
Abolition of serfdom and feudalism
Property rights were protected
Outlawed trade unions and strikes
Made divorce a harder process (especially for women) again
Women were treated as less equal than men
Promotion was based on ______ not on rank or birth
ability
Aristocracy created based on ______ in state service
merit
The Civil Code preserved the ________ of all citizens before the law
equality
There was more opening of _________ careers to more people
government
Liberty was replaced with _________
despotism
All manuscripts had to be read by ________ before publication (including mail)
government
Prominent writer of the revolutionary and Napoleonic eras of France
During Reign of Terror she helped friends escape France leaving France herself until 1795
At first supported Napoleon but later clashed w/ him repeatedly
Called Napoleon’s rule tyrannical
Her books were banned in France
Was exiled to the German states where she continued to write
Anne-Louise-Germaine de Staël
When he came to power he wanted to end war resulting in the ______ ______ in 1802
peace treaty
War was renewed in 1803 with ______ (then Austria, Russia, Sweden, and Prussia)
Britain
Napoleon’s _______ ______ defeated Austrian, Prussian, and Russian armies
Grand Army
Three parts of Grand Empire
French empire, allied states, and dependent states
Inner core of Grand Empire
Consisted of an enlarged France extending to the Rhine and including western half of Italy north of Rome
French empire
Kingdoms under the rule of Napoleon’s relatives
Spain, Holland, the kingdom of Italy, the Swiss Republic, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, and the Confederation of the Rhine (all German states except Austria and Prussia)
Dependent states
Those defeated by Napoleon and forced to join struggle against Britain
Prussia, Austria, Russia, and Sweden
Allied states
Principles of the Revolution
Legal equality
Religious toleration
Economic freedom
Opportunity based on ability
Nobility and clergy in dependent states lost special privileges
Important in the development of liberal traditions in these countries
Napoleon’s Grand Empire _________ almost as quickly as it was formed
collapsed
Two major reasons for collapse
Great Britain and nationalism
What was Britain’s survival mostly due to?
its sea power
The British navy’s decisive defeat of a combined French-Spanish fleet at __________ in 1805 destroyed any thought of an invasion
Trafalgar
Napoleon turned to _______ ______ to try to defeat Britain by trying to stop British goods from reaching the European continent to be sold there. The weakening of economy would destroy its ability to wage war
Continental System
Why did the continental system fail?
Allied states resented being told that they could not trade with Britain so they began to cheat and others resisted
New markets in the Middle East and Latin America gave Britain new outlets for its goods
British overseas exports were at near-record heights
The unique cultural identity of a people based on language, religion, and national symbols
nationalism
2 ways in which the French aroused nationalism
They were hated as oppressors stirring up patriotism of others against the French
The French had showed the people of Europe what nationalism was and what a nation in arms could do
Grand Army of over ____________ men entered Russia only ________ returned.
600,000, 40,000
Russians did fight at _______ and Napoleon’s forces won an indecisive and costly victory
Borodino
When Grand Army arrived in _______ the city was on fire
Began Great Retreat across Russia
Only 40,000 remained at the end
Moscow
European states rose up and attacked the French army and ______ was captured
Paris
Napoleon was exiled to _______ (off the coast of Tuscany)
Elba
__________ monarchy was restored
Bourbon
Called Napoleon “Enemy and Disturber of the Tranquility of the World” and then shouted “_________ _‘________”
Vive l’Empereur
Army moved to attack the nearest allied forces in ________
Belgium
At _______ (Belgium) Napoleon met a combined British and Prussian army under the Duke of Wellington and was defeated
Waterloo
Allies exiled Napoleon to __________, a small island in the south Atlantic
St. Helena
