Chapter 12 Section 3 Flashcards
In the Crimean War, Russians invaded the Turkish Balkan provinces of _________ and _________
Moldavia and Walachia
The Russians wanted a sea port so they could challenge _______ _________ as the European naval power
Great Britain
In the Crimean War, __________ _______ declared war on Russia. Great Britain and France also declared war on Russia
Ottoman Turks
the result of a long-standing struggle between Russia and the Ottoman Empire
Crimean War
The Crimean War was poorly planned and poorly fought. T or F?
true
What was the name of the treaty that ended the Crimean War?
The Treaty of Paris
What did the Treaty of Paris (Crimean War) do?
Russia agreed to allow Moldavia and Walachia to be placed under the protection of all the great powers
What did the Crimean War destroy?
The Concert of Europe
________ and Russia were now enemies
Austria
Led to the unification of both ______ and _________
Italy and Germany
Looked to ___________ for leadership in achieving unification in Italy
Piedmont
Royal house of Savoy ruled the Kingdom of Piedmont - Piedmont, ________, _______, and Savoy
Sardinia, Nice
Ruler of Kingdom of Piedmont
King Victor Emmanuel II
Prime minister of Piedmont
Camillo di Cavour
Committed political leader
Pursued a policy of economic expansion that increased government revenues and enabled the kingdom to equip a large army.
Made an alliance with the French emperor Louis-Napoleon
Camillo di Cavour
a leader of Italian unification in southern Italy. He was a dedicated Italian patriot and raised an army of a thousand volunteers called Red Shirts because of the color of their uniforms.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Sicily and ______)
Naples
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was ruled by a branch of the __________ dynasty.
Bourbon
Garibaldi chose to give these lands (Sicily and Naples) to _________
Piedmont
Kingdom of Italy’s ruler
King Victor Emmanuel II
Task of unification not done. Venetia was still under _______ control and Rome was under the control of the _______.
Austrian, pope
The Italians gained control of Venetia as a result of a war between Austria and Prussia (_____-________ ______)
The Italian state was an ally of Prussia so when Prussia won the war Italy was given Venetia.
Austro-Prussian War
Italy gained controlled of Rome when French troops withdrew from Rome because of the _______-__________ _______ Rome became the capital of Italy.
Franco-Prussian War
Looked to ________ for leadership in the cause of German unification
Prussia
Prussian government was _________. Prussia was known for its __________ (reliance of military strength)
authoritarian, militarism
In 1860s, King William I tried to enlarge Prussian army. Prussian legislature refused. King William hired a new prime minister, ________ ______ _____ _________.
Count Otto von Bismarck
politics based on practical matters rather than on theory or ethics
realpolitik
practitioner of realpolitik
Count Otto von Bismarck
Open about dislike of those who opposed him.
Collected taxes to help strengthen the army
Went to war with Austria and defeated them.
Count Otto von Bismarck
Prussia organized the German states north of the Main river into a ________ __________ ___________.
North German Confederation
Southern Germany signed a ________ alliance with Prussia for protection against France.
military
Who won the Franco-Prussian War? What did the loser have to do?
Prussia, France had to pay 5 billion francs and give up the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine to the new German state.
William I of Prussia was declared _______, or emperor of the Second German Empire
kaiser
How did Great Britain avoid revolution?
giving the middle class more power in government (suffrage), Parliament continued to make social and political reforms, continuing growth, and national pride (Queen Victoria)
popular vote
plebiscite
Louis-Napoleon assumed the title of _________ ____, Emperor of France. The Second Empire began.
Napoleon III
The Government under Louis-Napoleon was ________.
Authoritarian
There was the ________ _______ but they could neither initiate legislation nor affect the budget.
Legislative Corps
Napoleon III’s reign was _________.
Expanded the economy.
Rebuilt Paris
Liberalized regime
successful
Created the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary
Each had its own constitution, legislature, government bureaucracy, and capital (Vienna for Austria and Budapest for Hungary)
Single monarch - Francis Joseph
Common army, foreign policy, and system of finances
Compromise of 1867
Issued an emancipation edict that freed the serfs
Did not actually help serfs because landowners kept the best lands for themselves
Eventually assassinated
Czar Alexander II
wanted more changes and a faster pace for change in Russia
Reformers
thought the czar was trying to destroy the basic institutions of Russian society
Conservatives
favored a strong central government
federalists
feared a strong central government and wanted state governments to hold more power.
Republicans
President under which adult white males could vote
Andrew Jackson
________ arose in the North opposing slavery.
Abolitionism
________ States of America was formed
Confederate
Treaty of Paris at the end of the _______ _______ _______ passed Canada from the French to the British.
Seven Years’ War
Canadian people favored more ________ from British rule.
freedom
Lower Canada was ________ speaking.
French
established a Canadian nation - the Dominion of Canada - with its own constitution
British North America Act
_______ ____________ became the first prime minister of the Dominion of Canada.
John Macdonald
