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Anatomy > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

bone functions

A 
Support the body 
Protect soft organs
Attached skeletal muscles allow movement
 Store minerals and fats
Calcium and phosphorus 
Blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)
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2
Q

bones in adult skeleton

A

206

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3
Q

types of bone

A

spongy and compact

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4
Q

types of bone

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

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5
Q

flat bones

A

two layers of compact bone surround spongy bone

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6
Q

irregular bones

A

vertebrate

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7
Q

shaft of long bone

A

diaphysis

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8
Q

outside layer of compact bone

A

periosteum

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9
Q

secure periosteum to bone

A

Sharpey’s fibers

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10
Q

ends of the bones

A

epiphysis

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11
Q

cartilage on end of long bone is ______ cartilage

A

articular

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12
Q

short bones contain mostly

A

spongy bone

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13
Q

the skull is what kind of bone

A

flat bone

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14
Q

growth plate in bone

A

epiphyseal plate

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15
Q

yellow marrow is mostly

A

fat

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16
Q

in adults red bone marrow found in

A

the epiphysis in the spongy bones

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17
Q

connect bone cells to a nutrient supply

A

canaliculi

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18
Q

runs perpendicular to osteonic canal

A

perforating canal carrying blood vessels and nerves

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19
Q

bone formation

A

ossification

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20
Q

bone forming cells

A

osteoblasts

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21
Q

bone groing wider

A

appositional growth

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22
Q

bone destroying cells

A

osteoclasts

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23
Q

hormone that is excreted when the body is low in calcium, causing osteoclasts to destroy bone material for calcium

A

parathyroid hormone

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24
Q

what type of feedback is the release of pth to balance calcium levels?

A

negative feedback

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25
Q

high calcium levels

A

hypercalcema

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26
Q

closed (simple) fracture

A

break that doesn’t break the skin

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27
Q

open (compound) fracture

A

bone penetrates the skin

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28
Q

closed reduction

A

bones are manually put back into place by a doctor

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29
Q

open reduction

A

bone is secured by pins and wires during surgery

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30
Q

steps of bone reparation

A

1) hematoma
2) fibrocartilage callus forms
3) bone callus forms bringing in osteoblasts and osteoclasts
4) bone remodeling

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31
Q

bone breaks into many fragments

A

comminuted

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32
Q

bone is crushed

A

compression

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33
Q

broken bone is pressed inward

A

depression

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34
Q

broken bone ends are pressed into each other

A

impacted

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35
Q

ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone

A

spiral

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36
Q

bone breaks incompletely

A

greenstick

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37
Q

three parts of axial skeleton

A

1) skull
2) vertebral column
3) bony thorax

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38
Q

holds skull bones together

A

sutures

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39
Q

only skull bone with a freely moving joint

A

mandible

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40
Q

bones that protect the brain

A

1) ethmoid
2) occipital
3) parietal
4) temporal
5) frontal
6) sphenoid

41
Q

facial bones

A 
Maxillae
Zygomatics
Palatines
Nasals
Lacrimals 
Inferior nasal conchae
Mandible 
Vomer
42
Q

facial bones that protect sight

A

ethnoid and sphenoid

43
Q

functions of paranasal sinuses

A

lightens skull

amplifies sounds

44
Q

functions of hyoid bone

A

moveable base for tongue

aids in swallowing and speech

45
Q

fetal skull is ____ of body length

A

1/4

46
Q

hole in skull that spinal chord goes through

A

forman magnum

47
Q

protects hearing nerves

A

acoustic meatus

48
Q

houses jugular vein

A

jugular foramen

49
Q

olefactory nerves go through

A

cribriform plate

50
Q

connect cranial bones during first two years of life

A

fontanels

51
Q

corative artery goes through the

A

coratoid canal

52
Q

nerve responsible for hearing and balance

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

53
Q

hearing nerve goes through the

A

acoustic meatus

54
Q

factors that effect bone remodeling

A

blood calcium levels

pull of gravity

55
Q

____ vertebral bones

A

24

56
Q

number and type of vertebral bones

A

7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar

57
Q

sacrum a fusion of ___ vertebrae

A

5

58
Q

coccyx fusion of ____ vertebrae

A

3-5

59
Q

primary curvature

A

c shape like in newborns

60
Q

Secondary curvature

A

S shape like in adults

61
Q

back problem assosiated with old ladies

A

kyphosis

62
Q

back problem assosiated with pregnancy

A

Lordosis

63
Q

function of vertebral column

A

protect and support spinal chord

64
Q

soft spot in baby’s head that allows for smooth delivery and brain growth

A

fontanel

65
Q

disks are this type of cartilage

A

fibrocartilage

66
Q

5 distinguishing characteristics of vertebrae

A

1) Thoracic: more pronounced transverse process
2) Lumbar: Transverse process goes straight out
3) Thoracic: bigger spinous process
4) Cervical: reduced spinous process
5) Cervical: small body

67
Q

atlas articulates with the

A

occipital condyle

68
Q

ribs articulate with

A

the thoracic vertebrae and the sternum

69
Q

true ribs

A

attatch to sternum 1-7

70
Q

false ribs

A

share an articulation with the sternum 8-12

71
Q

floating ribs

A

don’t articulate with the sternum 11-12

72
Q

clavical articulates with

A

scapula and sternum

73
Q

shoulder is a ___

A

multi axial joint

74
Q

labrum

A

rotator cuff

75
Q

humerous articulates with

A

scapula, radius, and ulna

76
Q

distal end of humerous

A

trochlea

77
Q

keeps bones together when rotating forearm

A

interoseous membrane

78
Q

wrist bones

A

carpals 8

79
Q

palm

A

metacarpals 5

80
Q

fingers

A

phalanges 14

81
Q

bones that make up the pelvis

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

82
Q

cartilage in the middle of the pelvis

A

pelvic symphysis

83
Q

5 differences between male and female pelvis

A

1) female pelvis has larger inlet
2) shallower pelvis
3) sacrum is shorter and less curved
4) pubic arch more rounded
5) ilia flare out more laterally

84
Q

femur articulates with

A

hip bone and tibia

85
Q

tibia articulates with

A

femur,

86
Q

heel bone

A

calcaneous bone

87
Q

allows for flexion and extension of the foot

A

talus

88
Q

arches in foot

A

two longitudinal and one transverse

89
Q

function of joints

A

hold bones together

allow for mobility

90
Q

functional classifications of joints

A

Synarthroses-immovable
Amphiarthroses-slightly moveable
Diarthroses-freely moveable

91
Q

structural classifications

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

92
Q

gomphosis

A

tooth and mandible

93
Q

sympheses is a

A

cartilaginous joint

94
Q

types of synovial joints

A 
plane-carpals
hinge-elbow
pivot-ulna and radius
condylar-finger wagging
saddle-wrist
ball and socket
95
Q

immune system attacks joints

A

rheumatoid arthritis

96
Q

most common arthritis

A

osteoarthritis

97
Q

gout

A

uric crystals deposited on joints

98
Q

thinning of bone

A

osteoporosis

Anatomy (12 decks)

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