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Anatomy > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

functions of body membranes

A

Cover body surfaces Line body cavities Form protective sheets around organs

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2
Q

skin is a ___ membrane

A

cutaneous

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3
Q

epidermis is made up of this type of cell

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

dermis is made up of

A

dense connective tissue like areolar tissue

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5
Q

mucus membrane lines

A

GI tract, lungs to capture particulates, body cavities that are exposed to the outside

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6
Q

serous membranes

A

lines body cavities closed to the outside,
surface simple squamous epithelium,
underneath is areolar connective tissue

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7
Q

layer of serous membrane that lines the outside of the organ

A

visceral layer

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8
Q

layer of serous membrane that lines body cavity

A

parietal layer

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9
Q

serous membrane around abodominal cavity

A

peritoneum

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10
Q

serous membrane around the lungs

A

pleura

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11
Q

serous membrane around the heart

A

pericardium

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12
Q

function of synovial joints

A

maintain proper alignment and function of joints

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13
Q

bursae

A

sac filled with synovial fluid surrounded by synovial membrane on left and right and hyaline cartilage on the top and bottom

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14
Q

function to protect muscles from being torn by the tendons being dragged across the muscle?

A

tendon sheathes

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15
Q

one function of the skin is to protect deeper tissue from

A

1) mechanical damage
2) Chemical damage
3) Bacteria damage
4) Ultraviolet radiation
5) Thermal damage
6) Dessication (drying out)

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16
Q

functions of the skin

A

1) protection of deeper tissue
2) aids in maintaining body temperature via sweat for heat loss or not allowing blood to flush for heat retention?
3) excretes urea and uric acid
4) synthesizes vitamin D

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17
Q

epidermis is ___ so we don’t bleed every time we hit our skin

A

avascular

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18
Q

most skin is ___ thin skin

A

thin skin

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19
Q

a sign of thin skin is the presence of

A

hair

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20
Q

___ layers in thick skin

A

5

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21
Q

___ layers in thin skin

A

4

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22
Q

the least sensitive skin is the

A

thick skin

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23
Q

hair follicles are part of the

A

epidermis

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24
Q

a blister happens when

A

the epidermis and the dermis separate causing intersitial fluid to fill the cavity

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25
Q

below the dermis is

A

subcutaneous tissue

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26
Q

functions of the hypodermis

A

shock absorption, anchor skin to underlying organs,

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27
Q

subcutaneous tissue is made up of

A

adipose tissue

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28
Q

most cells in epidermis are

A

keratinocytes

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29
Q

layer of epidermis where mitosis happens

A

stratum basale

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30
Q

layers of epidermis from bottom to top

A

Stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum corneum

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31
Q

cells become ____ and more _____ as they move up the layers of the epidermis

A

flatter, keratinized

32
Q

epidermal layer only found in thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

33
Q

cells have spiny appearance

A

spinosum

34
Q

cells have granular appearance

A

granulosum

35
Q

thinnest epidermal layer

A

stratum corneum

36
Q

melanocytes are found in the

A

stratum basale

37
Q

fine touch receptors

A

merkel cells/ disks

38
Q

alert immune system cells to a threat in the epidermis

A

epidermal dendritic cells

39
Q

layers of the dermis bottom to top

A

Reticular layer

Papillary layer

40
Q

bottom layer of the dermis contains

A

blood vessels, oil and sweat glands, deep pressure receptors

41
Q

dermal papillae function as

A

capillary loops for nutrients, pain receptors

42
Q

responsible for fingerprints

A

dermal papillae

43
Q

give skin toughness

A

collagen fibers

44
Q

give skin elasticity

A

elastic fibers

45
Q

pigaments that contribute to skin color

A

melanin
carortene
hemoglobin

46
Q

another name for a bruise

A

hematoma

47
Q

yellowing of the skin

A

Jaundice due to a liver disorder

48
Q

pale skin due to emotional distress

A

pallor/ blanching

49
Q

redness of the skin

A

erythema

50
Q

relating to the skin

A

cutaneous

51
Q

produce sebum (oil)

A

sebaceous glands

52
Q

sweat glands

A

sudoriferous glands

53
Q

two types of sweat glands

A

eccrine: use ducts to excrete on skin surface. Found all over the body.
Apocrine gland: found mostly in genital and armpit areas. Empty into hair follicles. Secretion has fatty acids.

54
Q

function of sweat

A

1) control body heat
2) excrete waste
3) acidic sweat kills bacteria

55
Q

center layer of hair follicle

A

medulla

56
Q

middle layer of hair follicle

A

cortex

57
Q

outermost layer

A

cuticle

58
Q

raises hair follicle up

A

arrector pili

59
Q

two types of tissue repair

A

regeneration: replacement of tissue by same kind of cells
fibrosis: repair by dense connective tissue

60
Q

steps in tissue repair

A

inflammation:cappillaries flood injury, clotting occurs
granulation tissue forms: New cappillaries grow, phagocytes dispose of blood clots, rebuild collagen fibers
regeneration of epithelial tissue: scab detatches

61
Q

1st degree burn

A

only epidermis is burned

62
Q

2nd degree burn

A

blisters present. epidermis and upper dermis is burnt

63
Q

3rd degree burn

A

burns entire skin layer

64
Q

burns are critical if

A

over 25% of body has 2nd degree burns
over 10% body has 3rd degree burns
3rd degree burns on face, hands, and feet

65
Q

boils and carbuncle

A

caused by bacteria

66
Q

impetigo

A

surface bacterial infection

67
Q

cancer is either

A

benign: does not spread
malignant: spreads

68
Q

most common type of cancer

A

skin

69
Q

most common type of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma. from stratum basale

70
Q

ABCD Rule

A

Asymmetry
Border Irregularity
Color
Diameter

71
Q

cancer caused by sun

A

squamous cell carcinoma: stratum spinosum

72
Q

most deadly skin cancer

A

malignant melanoma

73
Q

function of sebum

A

1)Lubricate skin 2)keep hair from becoming brittle 3) kill bacteria

74
Q

nail growth occurs in the

A

nail matrix

75
Q

part of the nail embedded in the skin

A

root of the nail

76
Q

dangers of burns

A

Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance
Circulatory shock

77
Q

Psoriasis

A

Triggered by trauma, infection, stress

Anatomy (12 decks)

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