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Anatomy > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

matter can be changed

A

physically or chemically

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2
Q

energy

A

the ability to do work

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3
Q

forms of energy

A

1)chemical 2)electrical 3) mechanical 4)radiant

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4
Q

energy used in body

A

electrical and chemical

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5
Q

4 elements that make up 96% of our body

A

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

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6
Q

Ionic bond

A

when an electron is completely transferred from one atom to another

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7
Q

Covalent bond

A

atoms share an atom

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8
Q

anion

A

negatively charged

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9
Q

cation

A

positively charged

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10
Q

hydrogen bonds

A

weak bonds that are attracted to negative poles. help form shapes of molecules

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11
Q

synthesis reaction

A

two atoms or molecules combine

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12
Q

decomposition reaction

A

two atoms or molecules split

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13
Q

anabolic

A

forms something in the body

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14
Q

catabolic

A

breaks something down in the body

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15
Q

exchange reactions

A

mix of both synthesis and decomposition reactions where molecules are switched around

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16
Q

longer arrow signifies

A

more rapid reaction

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17
Q

factors that increase the rate of chemical reactions

A

temperature, concentration of the particles, smaller particles, catalyst

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18
Q

inorganic compounds

A

no carbon, smaller

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19
Q

organic compounds

A

have carbon. larger

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20
Q

vital properties of water

A

high heat capacity, polarity properties (things dissolve in it), chemically reactive, cushion

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21
Q

reactions that need water

A

hydrolysis reactions

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22
Q

all salts are

A

electrolytes

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23
Q

most common salts in body

A

those containing calcium and phosphorus

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24
Q

are acids organic or inorganic?

A

inorganic

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25
Q

paste of digested food that leaves the stomach

A

acidic chalmas

26
Q

acids release what type of ion?

A

H+

27
Q

Bases release what type of ion?

A

Hydroxyl OH-

28
Q

acids and bases react to form water and salt in a

A

neutralization reaction

29
Q

neutral ph #

A

7

30
Q

ph of blood

A

7.4

31
Q

below 7 is

A

acidic

32
Q

chemicals that regulate ph change

A

buffers

33
Q

polymer

A

chain like molecule made up of smaller units

34
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

water is removed to join monomers together

35
Q

hydrolysis

A

polymers are broken down by the addition of a water molecule

36
Q

carbohydrates contain

A

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen

37
Q

lipids are _____ in water

A

insoluble

38
Q

a single simple sugar chain

A

monosaccharide

39
Q

two simple sugars joined together

A

disaccharide

40
Q

long chain of simple sugars

A

polysaccharide

41
Q

triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids are all

A

lipids

42
Q

cholesterol is a

A

steroid

43
Q

neutral fats

A

triglycerides

44
Q

fat that has single covalent bonds

A

saturated fat

45
Q

fat that is liquid at room temperature

A

unsaturated fat

46
Q

____ fat can’t be metabolized

A

trans

47
Q

fat that has double covalent bonds

A

unsaturated fat

48
Q

over half of the bodies matter is made of

A

proteins

49
Q

antibodies are

A

proteins

50
Q

amino acid chains with less than 50 amino acids are called

A

polypeptides

51
Q

collagen helps with

A

skin elaticity

52
Q

holds oxygen in red blood cells

A

hemoglobin

53
Q

_____ proteins are sensitive to heat and acid

A

globular

54
Q

protein that acts as a catalyst

A

enzymes

55
Q

names of enzymes end in

A

-ase

56
Q

largest molecules in the body

A

nucleic acids

57
Q

5 nitrogen bases

A

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

58
Q

adenine goes with

A

thymine

59
Q

function of RNA

A

carries out the protein synthesis directed by the DNA

60
Q

3 types of RNA

A

messenger, ribosomal, transfer

61
Q

RNA substitutes _____ for Thymine

A

uracil

62
Q

most common work for atp

A

transport work

Anatomy (12 decks)

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