Chapter 5 Flashcards
Name the 3 planes of motion
Sagital, frontal, and transverse
Divides body into right and left half. Flexion and extension. Walking, squatting, curling, ab crunches
Sagital plane
Divides body into back ad front. Side to side motions. Adduction or abduction, Lateral flexion, inversion, eversion (Lateral raises, side lunges, side shuffles)
Frontal Plane
Divides body into top and bottom half. Rotation motions and horizontal adductions. (Spine rotation, shoulder rotation, Hip rotation, throwing, golfing, swinging a bat)
Transverse Plane
Force is produced, muscle tension is developed, and movement occurs through a given range of motion. “constant tension”
Isotonic
3 muscle actions
Concentric, isometric, and eccentric
moving in the same direction as the resistance. Decelerates. Reduced force
Eccentric
Moving in the opposite direction of force. Accelerates, Produces force
Concentric
No movement with or against resistance. Dynamically stabilizes force.
Isometric
The speed of mvmnt is fixed and resistance varies with the force exerted. Requires special equipment.
Isokinetic
Tension while shortening or accelerating
Concentric
Tension while lengthening or deceleration
Eccentric
Muscle groups moving together to produce a joint movement
Force couple
resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at resting length
Length tension relationship
Movement of bones around joints
rotary motion
Force that produces rotation
Torque
Difference between external and internal feedback
Internal: uses sensory info for feedback
External: provided by an outside source
Muscles ability to produce tension @ differing shortening velocities
Force velocity curve
Concentric = decreases force production
eccentric= increases “ “
Misaligned joints Like tight quads preventing the hamstrings from using appropriate force is an examples of
altered length relationship
Science concerned with internal and external forces and the effects produced by these forces
Biomechanics
Above reference point
Superior
Below reference point
Inferior
Closest to reference point
Proximal
Furthest from reference point
distal
Front
Anterior
Back
Posterior
Towards mid line
medial
Away from midline
Lateral
Opposite side of body
contralateral
Same side of body
Ipsilateral
Body erect, arms by side, palms forward
Anatomic
Rt and left plane
sagital
Bending movement; relative angle b/w two adjacent segments decrease
Flexion
Bending movement segment angle increases
extension
Away from body
abduction
Towards body
adductions
Rotation of joint toward middle of body
Internal rotation
Rotation of joint away from body
External rotation
Know movements for
Planes. see study guide
Shoulder blades together
“ “ Apart
Shoulder blades down
Shoulder blade up
Scapular retraction
protraction
depression
elevation
Alignment of muskoskeletal system that allows our center of gravity to be maintained over our base of support
Structural Efficiency
Influence applied by one object or another which results in acceleration or deceleration of the second object
Force
Groups of muscles that are recruited by the CNS to produce movement
Muscle synergies
Muscles that create trunk rotation
Internal and external obliques
Muscles that create upward rotation of scapula
Upper traps and lower part of serratus
Muscles that produce knee and hip extn during walking, running, stair climbing, etc
Glute max, quads and calf muscles
Muscles that work together to create plantar flexion
gastrocnemius, peroneus longus tibialis posterior
Muscles used to perform shoulder abduction
deltoid and rotator cuff
Nodding head is an example of what class lever
First, Fulcrum in middle
Push up of calf raise.. what lever
second. Fulcrum on one end, resistance in middle
Bicep curl is what kinds of lever
3rd class. Effort is in the middles
Motor response to external and internal behavior
Motor behavior
How the CNS system intergrates internal and external sensory info with previous experiences to produce a motor response
Motor control
Integration of motor control processes through practic and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements
Motor learning
The change of motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan
Motor development
The cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement
Sensorimotor integration
Process whereby sensory info is used by the body to reacitvely monitor movement and the enviroment
Internal feedback
Use of sensory info and sensorimotor integration to help the human movement system in motor learning
Feedback
Info provided by external source
External feedback
