Chapter 2 Flashcards
What systems make up the Human Movement System
Nervous, Muscular, and Skeletal
What system is known as the communication system of the body?
Nervous system- where all movement begins
What are the 2 subsystems of the nervous system
CNS and PNS
What does the CNS consist of
Brain and Spinal cord
Which of the nervous systems subsystems is the primary decision maker
CNS
What does the PNS consist of
Nerves from the CNS to the entire body
What does the PNS do
Send messages to CNS. Carries out actions from the CNS to the effector sites.
What are the 3 types of neurons
Sensory (afferent),interneurons, motor (efferent) neurons
Which neurons transmit nerve impulses form effector sites to the brain and spinal cord. These send info from the environment up to the brain
Sensory neurons
What do interneurons do?
Transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another.
Transmits messages from sensory neurons to the motor neurons
Which neurons transmit nerve impulses form the brain and spinal cord to effector sites. Sends messages from the brain to the body
Motor (efferent) neurons
Name the 3 types of mechanoreceptors
Golgi Tendon organs
Muscle spindles
Joint receptors
Which receptor is responsible for sensing tension in muscles and connective tissue and forces muscle to relax
Golgi tendon Organ
Which receptor is responsible for sensing length in the muscle and forces the muscle to contract when stimulated?
Muscle spindles
Which receptor is responsible for sensing motion, acceleration, and deceleration in the joints. It protects the joints from a compromising situation
Joint receptors
Which system is compromised of muscles that work to move and stabilize the body
Muscular system
The muscular system is comprised of skeletal muscle tissue whose main function is what
contract on bone to create movement on joints
Primary mover of the joint (usually larger muscle)
Agonist
Opposing muscle of the prime mover. Decelerates the movement the agonist is producing
Antagonist
Lends assistance to the prime mover. Will start to take over for a weak prime mover
Synergist
Stabilizes the body and prevents unwanted movements
Stabilizers
During a chest press, name the following: Agonist: Antagonist: Synergist: Stabilizer:
Agonist: Pectoralis major
Antagonist: Posterior deltoid
Synergist:Anterior deltoid and triceps
Stabilizer:Rotator cuff
During an overhead press name the following: Agonist Antagonist Synergist Stabilizer
Agonist: Deltoid
antagonist: Latissimus dorsi
Synergist:Triceps
Stabilizer: Rotator cuff
During a squat, name the Agonist, Antagonist, Synergist, and Stabilizer
Agonist: Glutes
Antagonists: Psoas
Synergist: Hamstrings
Stabilizers: Transverse Abs
During a row, name the Agonist, antagonist, synergist, and stabilizer muscles
Agonist: Lat dorsi
Antagonist: Pectoralis major
Synergist:Posterior deltoid and biceps
Stabilizer: Rotator cuff
Which system is responsible for support, protection, and allowing movement to occur
Skeletal system
What are the two functions of the skeletal system
LEVERAGE for our muscles
SUPPORT that directly affects our posture
Joint motion
arthokinematics
Rolling bone ex
Squat. Femoral condyles roll over tibial condyles
Spin bone ex
Head of radius; end of humerus; during pronation and supination
Sliding bone ex
tibial slide across femoral in knee extn
Cumulative sensory input to the CNS from all mechnoreceptors that sense limb movement and body position
Proprioception
A layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia and surrounds the muscle
Epimysium
Deepest layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers
endomysium
Connective tissue that surrounds fasicles
Perimysium
Whats the first step in initiating a contraction
ACH is released
slow twitch more capillaries smaller in size increased O2 produces less force Longterm contractions (stabilization) slow to fatigue
Type 1
Fewer capillaries larger in size decreased o2 produces greater force short term contractions (force and power) quick to fatigue fast twitch
Type 2
Support mechanisms of blood explain
Transportation - transports 02, nutrients to tissues, transports hormones to organs and heat to body
Regulation- body temp and acids
Protection- clotting and infection
Ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external enviroment
Sensory function
Neuromuscular response to sensory info
Motor function
Ability of the nervous system to analyse and interpret sensory info to allow for proper decision making which produces the appropriate response
Intergrative function
Functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction consists of repeating sections of actin and myosin
Sarcomere
A motor neuron and all its muscle fibers in innervates
Motor unit
Explain what happens to insulin when you exercise
Explain r/s with glucagon
Insulin regulates glucose metabolism by lowering glucose, what isnt used gets stored. Glucagon is a hormone that releases stored gylocgen and converts back to glucose to be used. Exercise decreases insulin , but increase glucagon secretion, therefore maintaining steady levels of blood glucose.
Effects of Catecholamines
Increase HR, SV, blood glucose. redistrubtes blood to working tissues and opens up airways
