Chapter 5

Question 1

arbitrary

Answer 1

symbols used to represent things that are not intrinsically connected to those things

Question 2

ambiguous

Answer 2

language that does not have precise, concrete meaning

Question 3

abstract

Answer 3

words are not concrete or tangible items; they are only representations

Question 4

hierarchical

Answer 4

language that is structured according to more or less, higher or lower

Question 5

single-word approach

Answer 5

meaning is derived from individual words used in a strategic way

Question 6

metaphor

Answer 6

comparison that who how two things are alike in an important way despite being quite different in most ways

Question 7

simile

Answer 7

comparisons between two objects that allow each object in the comparison to retain its unique differences

Question 8

ideograph

Answer 8

ill-defined, politically powerful term to phrase can push people into action

Question 9

word-cluster approach

Answer 9

convey through complex structures such as stories

Question 10

arguments from the past

Answer 10

appropriating historical events, facts, or people to justify present or future actions

Question 11

myth

Answer 11

rhetorical construction that tries to explain natural events or cultural phenomena to justify actions or beliefs

Question 12

narrative paradigm

Answer 12

humans are storytelling beings by nature

Question 13

narrative coherence

Answer 13

degree to which stories make sense in the world

Question 14

narrative fidelity

Answer 14

degree which stories match our beliefs and experiences

Question 15

repetition

Answer 15

repeating with the same phrasing patter or phrase to maximize audience’s ability to receive info

Question 16

alliteration

Answer 16

repeating same consonant or vowel sound at beginning of subsequent words

Question 17

parallelism

Answer 17

similarly structuring related word, phrases, or clauses

Question 18

antithesis

Answer 18

two ideas that sharply contrast with each other and juxtaposed in parallel grammatical structure

Question 19

profanity

Answer 19

coarse and irreverent language

Question 20

hate speech

Answer 20

rude and crude speech to attach or demean a particular social or ethnic group with intent of inciting action against that group

Question 21

dehumanization

Answer 21

making people seem less than human in order to more easily motivate action against them.