Chapter 5 Flashcards
Sleep paralysis
State of being unable to move just after falling asleep or right before waking up
Consciousness
Are subjective experience of the world, our bodies, our mental perspectives
Circadian rhythm
Cyclical changes that occur on a roughly 24-hour basis and many biological processes
Biological clock
Term for the area of the hypothalamus that is responsible for controlling our levels of alertness
Rapid eye movement REM
Darting of the eyes underneath close eyelids during sleep
REM sleep
Stage of sleep during which the brain is most active and during which vivid dreaming most often occurs
Non-rem sleep
Stages 1 through 4 of sleep cycle, during which rapid eye movements do not occur in dreaming is less frequent and vivid
Lucid dreaming
Experience of becoming aware that one is dreaming
Insomnia
Difficulty falling and or staying asleep
Narcolepsy
Disorder characterized by the rapid and often unexpected onset of sleep
Sleep apnea
Disorder caused by a blockage of airway during sleep, resulting in daytime fatigue
Night terrors
Sudden waking episodes characterized by screaming, perspiring, and confusion followed by a return to a deep sleep
Sleepwalking
Walking while fully asleep
Activation synesthesis theory
Siri that dreams reflect inputs from brain activation originating in the ponds, which the four brain then attempts to weave into a story
Neurocognitive theory
Theoty that dreams are a meaningful product of our cognitive capacities, which shape what we dream about
Dream continuity hypothesis
Hypothesis that there is a continuity between sleeping and walking experiences in that dreams can mirror life circumstances
Out of body experience
Sense of our consciousness leaving our body
Near-death experience
Experience reported by people who have nearly died or thought they were going to die
Deja vu
Strong feeling of familiarity regarding a new experience
Mystical experience
Feelings of unity or oneness with the world, often with strong spiritual overtones
Hypnosis
Set of techniques that provides people with suggestions for alterations in their perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Sociocognitive theory
Approach to explaining hypnosis based on people’s attitudes, beliefs, expectations, and responsiveness to waking suggestions
Dissociation theory
Approach to explaining hypnosis based on a separation between personality functions that are normally well integrated
Psychoactive drug
Substance that contains chemicals similar to those found naturally in our brains the altered consciousness by changing chemical processes in neurons
Tolerance
Reduction in the effect of a drug as a result of repeated use, requiring users to consume greater quantities to achieve the same effect
Withdrawal
Unpleasant effects of reducing or stopping consumption of a drug that uses had consumed habitually
Physical dependence
Dependence on a drug that occurs when people continue to take it to avoid withdrawal symptoms
Psychological dependence
Non-physiological dependence on a drug that occurs when continued use of the drug is motivated by intense cravings
Sedative
Drug that exerts a calming effect
Hypnotic
Drug that exerts a sleep-inducing effect
Stimulant
Drug that increases activity in the central nervous system, including heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure
Narcotic
Drug that relieves pain and induces sleep
Hallucinogenic
Causing dramatic alterations of perception, mood, and thought
