Chapter 11

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

Mental state or feeling associated with our evaluation of our experiences

Question 2

Discrete emotions theory

Answer 2

Theory that humans experience a small number of distinct emotions that are rooted in their biology

Question 3

Primary emotions

Answer 3

Small number of emotions believed by some theorists to be cross-culturally universal

Question 4

Display rules

Answer 4

Cross-cultural guidelines for how and when to express emotions

Question 5

Cognitive theories of emotion

Answer 5

Theories proposing that emotions are products of thinking

Question 6

James-Longe theory of emotion

Answer 6

Theory proposing that emotions result from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli

Question 7

Somatic marker theory

Answer 7

Theory proposing that we use our gut reactions to help us determine how we should act

Question 8

Cannon Bard theory

Answer 8

Siri proposing that an emotion provoking event leads simultaneously to an emotion and to bodily reactions

Question 9

Two-factor theory

Answer 9

Siri proposing that emotions are produced by an undifferentiated state of arousal along with an attribution of that arousal

Question 10

Mere exposure effect

Answer 10

Phenomenon in which repeated exposure to a stimulus makes us more likely to feel favorably towards it

Question 11

Facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 11

Theory that blood vessels in the face feedback temperature information in the brain, altering our experience of emotions

Question 12

Nonverbal leakage

Answer 12

Unconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behavior

Question 13

Proxemics

Answer 13

Study of personal space

Question 14

Pinocchio response

Answer 14

Supposedly perfect physiological or behavioral indicator of lying

Question 15

Guilty knowledge test

Answer 15

Alternative to the polygraph test that relies on the premise that criminals harbor conceal the knowledge about the crime that innocent people don’t

Question 16

Integrity test

Answer 16

Questionnaire that presumably assesses workers tendency to steal or cheat

Question 17

Broaden and build theory

Answer 17

Theory predisposing that happiness predisposes us to think more openly

Question 18

Effective forecasting

Answer 18

Ability to predict our own and others happiness

Question 19

Durability bias

Answer 19

Believe that both are good and bad moods will last longer than they do

Question 20

Hedonic treadmill

Answer 20

Tendency for our moods to adapt to external circumstances

Question 21

Self-esteem

Answer 21

Evaluation of our worth

Question 22

Narcissism

Answer 22

Personality trait marked by extreme self-centeredness

Question 23

Positive illusions

Answer 23

Tendencies to proceed ourselves more favorably than others do

Question 24

Defensive pessimism

Answer 24

Strategy of anticipating failure and compensating for this expectation by mentally over preparing for negative outcomes

Question 25

Motivation

Answer 25

Psychological drives that propel us in a specific direction

Question 26

Drive reduction theory

Answer 26

Theory proposing that certain drives, like hunger, thirst, and sexual frustration, motivate us to act in ways that minimize aversive States

Question 27

Homeostasis

Answer 27

Equilibrium

Question 28

Yerkes Dodson law

Answer 28

Inverted u shape relation between arousal on the one hand and mood and performance on the other

Question 29

Incentive theories

Answer 29

Theories proposing that we are often motivated by positive goals

Question 30

Hierarchy of needs

Answer 30

Model developed by Abraham Maslow proposing that we must satisfy physiological needs and needs for safety and security before progressing to more complex needs

Question 31

Glucostatic theory

Answer 31

Theory that when our blood glucose levels drop, hunger creates a drive to eat to restore the proper level of glucose

Question 32

Leptin

Answer 32

Hormone that signals the hypothalamus and brain stem to reduce appetite and increase the amount of energy used

Question 33

Set point

Answer 33

Value that establishes a range of body and muscle mass we tend to maintain

Question 34

Internal external theory

Answer 34

Siri holding the obese people are motivated to eat more by external cues rather than internal cues

Question 35

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 35

Eating disorder associated with a pattern of binging and purging in an effort to lose or maintain weight

Question 36

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 36

Eating disorder associated with excessive weight loss and the irrational perception that one is overweight

Question 37

Excitement phase

Answer 37

Phase and human sexual response in which people experience sexual pleasure and notice physiological changes associated with it

Question 38

Plateau phase

Answer 38

Phase in human sexual response in which sexual tension builds

Question 39

Orgasm phase

Answer 39

Phase in human sexual response marked by involuntary rhythmic contractions in the muscles of genitals and both men and women

Question 40

Resolution phase

Answer 40

Phase in human sexual response following orgasm, in which people report realization and a sense of well-being

Question 41

Proximity

Answer 41

Physical nearness, a predictor of attraction

Question 42

Similarity

Answer 42

Extent to wish we have things in common with others, a predictor of attraction

Question 43

Reciprocity

Answer 43

Rule of give and take, a predictor of attraction

Question 44

Passionate love

Answer 44

Loved Mark by powerful, even overwhelming, longing for one's partner

Question 45

Compassionate love

Answer 45

Love marked by a sense of deep friendship and fondness for one's partner