Chapter 11 Flashcards
Emotion
Mental state or feeling associated with our evaluation of our experiences
Discrete emotions theory
Theory that humans experience a small number of distinct emotions that are rooted in their biology
Primary emotions
Small number of emotions believed by some theorists to be cross-culturally universal
Display rules
Cross-cultural guidelines for how and when to express emotions
Cognitive theories of emotion
Theories proposing that emotions are products of thinking
James-Longe theory of emotion
Theory proposing that emotions result from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli
Somatic marker theory
Theory proposing that we use our gut reactions to help us determine how we should act
Cannon Bard theory
Siri proposing that an emotion provoking event leads simultaneously to an emotion and to bodily reactions
Two-factor theory
Siri proposing that emotions are produced by an undifferentiated state of arousal along with an attribution of that arousal
Mere exposure effect
Phenomenon in which repeated exposure to a stimulus makes us more likely to feel favorably towards it
Facial feedback hypothesis
Theory that blood vessels in the face feedback temperature information in the brain, altering our experience of emotions
Nonverbal leakage
Unconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behavior
Proxemics
Study of personal space
Pinocchio response
Supposedly perfect physiological or behavioral indicator of lying
Guilty knowledge test
Alternative to the polygraph test that relies on the premise that criminals harbor conceal the knowledge about the crime that innocent people don’t
Integrity test
Questionnaire that presumably assesses workers tendency to steal or cheat
Broaden and build theory
Theory predisposing that happiness predisposes us to think more openly
Effective forecasting
Ability to predict our own and others happiness
Durability bias
Believe that both are good and bad moods will last longer than they do
Hedonic treadmill
Tendency for our moods to adapt to external circumstances
Self-esteem
Evaluation of our worth
Narcissism
Personality trait marked by extreme self-centeredness
Positive illusions
Tendencies to proceed ourselves more favorably than others do
Defensive pessimism
Strategy of anticipating failure and compensating for this expectation by mentally over preparing for negative outcomes
Motivation
Psychological drives that propel us in a specific direction
Drive reduction theory
Theory proposing that certain drives, like hunger, thirst, and sexual frustration, motivate us to act in ways that minimize aversive States
Homeostasis
Equilibrium
Yerkes Dodson law
Inverted u shape relation between arousal on the one hand and mood and performance on the other
Incentive theories
Theories proposing that we are often motivated by positive goals
Hierarchy of needs
Model developed by Abraham Maslow proposing that we must satisfy physiological needs and needs for safety and security before progressing to more complex needs
Glucostatic theory
Theory that when our blood glucose levels drop, hunger creates a drive to eat to restore the proper level of glucose
Leptin
Hormone that signals the hypothalamus and brain stem to reduce appetite and increase the amount of energy used
Set point
Value that establishes a range of body and muscle mass we tend to maintain
Internal external theory
Siri holding the obese people are motivated to eat more by external cues rather than internal cues
Bulimia nervosa
Eating disorder associated with a pattern of binging and purging in an effort to lose or maintain weight
Anorexia nervosa
Eating disorder associated with excessive weight loss and the irrational perception that one is overweight
Excitement phase
Phase and human sexual response in which people experience sexual pleasure and notice physiological changes associated with it
Plateau phase
Phase in human sexual response in which sexual tension builds
Orgasm phase
Phase in human sexual response marked by involuntary rhythmic contractions in the muscles of genitals and both men and women
Resolution phase
Phase in human sexual response following orgasm, in which people report realization and a sense of well-being
Proximity
Physical nearness, a predictor of attraction
Similarity
Extent to wish we have things in common with others, a predictor of attraction
Reciprocity
Rule of give and take, a predictor of attraction
Passionate love
Loved Mark by powerful, even overwhelming, longing for one’s partner
Compassionate love
Love marked by a sense of deep friendship and fondness for one’s partner
