Chapter 5 Flashcards
What are the four main classes?
Carbs, lipids, proteins , nucleic acids
Nucleic acids , proteins and carbs are very large
What are macromolecules ?
Large complex molecules essential to life made of smaller subunits called monomers
What are monomers?
Monomers are the small building blocks that link together to form larger molecules called polymers.
Is the chemical mechanism(how theyre formed) the same for all. Biological macromolecules?
Yes
How are macromolecules made?
By a dehydration reaction
Removal of water
Process continues on and on
Energy is required and also uses enzymes
How is a macromolecule broken down?
By hydrolysis
Water is added
Process continues on and on
Uses enzymes
Energy is released
What is each class of macromolecules formed from?
A specific set of monomers
The monomer for carb is a monosaccharide (simple sugar)
What does carb serve as?
Fuel and building material
Carbs include sugars and polymers of sugars
What are the three types of carbs ?
Monosaccharides (simple sugar)
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
What are monosaccharides
They have the general formula of CH2O
Made up of C,O,H
Can be combined into polymers
Can be used for fuel
Monomer
Have a carbonyl
And multiple hydroxyl
Can be Aldo sugar (terminal ) or ketone (internal)
How are monosaccharides named ?
According to the number of carbons
Contain the suffix -ose
3C= triose
6C=hexose
Most common is glucose
What is a disaccharide ?
Two monoscaccharides
Formed when two monosaccharides link together via a dehydration reaction
Sucrose( glucose and fructose)
Lactose(glucose +galactose)
What is the covalent bond between two sugar molecules known as ?
Glycosidic bond
What are polysaccharides?
Polymers of sugar
Involved in storage or structural functions in cells
What are the two storage polysaccharides ?
Starch and glycogen
