Chapter 4

Question 1

What are all living organisms made of?

Answer 1

They’re made up chemicals based mostly on the element carbon

Question 2

What is considered organic ?

Answer 2

Compounds that contain carbon
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds

Question 3

Why is carbon important ?

Answer 3

It’s important because of the interactions with other atoms , it is able to form molecules that are large , complex and diverse

Question 4

How can carbon form these molecules?

Answer 4

Carbon has a valence of 6 , meaning it is allowed to form four covalent bonds with a variety of atoms

Question 5

How do c-c bonds differ ?

Answer 5

By length
Branching
Location of double bonds
Rings

Question 6

What is the simplest organic molecule ?

Answer 6

Hydrocarbons
Such as methane , ethane , ethene
A hydrocarbon is a molecule made up of only hydrogen and carbon

Question 7

What do some organic molecules have?

Answer 7

They have one or more chemical groups replacing the H atom
These groups help give each molecule its unique function

Question 8

What do chemical groups determine?

Answer 8

How a molecule participates in a chemical reaction
Also known as functional groups

Question 9

What are the 7 chemical groups ?

Answer 9

Hydroxyl( -oh)
Carbonyl(c=o)
Carboxyl (o-c=o)
Amino (h-n-h)
Sulfhydryl (-SH)
Phosphate ( p=o)
Methyl (ch3)