Chapter 7 Flashcards
What are the two types of nucleic acids ?
DNA and rna
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonuclic acid
Genetic information an organism inherits from their parents
Provides info for controlling cells activities
Directs the synthesis of mRNA
And through mRNA the cells proteins are made
What are nucleic acids made up of ?
Monomers called nucleotides
The nucleotides consist of a sugar , phosphate and nitrogenous base
What is the sugar in DNA and RNA?
In nucleotides the sugars is Pentose
In DNA it is deoxyribose
RNA = ribose
What is the difference between the sugars in RNA and DNA ?
For dna the sugar on carbon 2 prime lacks a oxygen
And for rna the sugar on carbon 2 prime contains an oxygen (hydroxyl)
What are the nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA?
DNA = adenine , thymine ,cytosine , guanine
RNA = adenine ,uracil ,cytosine and guanine
What are the two types of nitrogenous bases ?
Pyrimidines = cytosine ,thymine and uracil (one carbon -nitrogen ring)
Purines= adenine and guanine ( 2 carbon nitrogen rings fused together )
What are the monomers for dna and rna ?
DNA= deoxyribonucleotides
RNA=ribonucleotides
Nucleic acid exists as _______
Polymers known as polynucleotides
The phosphate group joins the sugars of the nucleotides together (sugar phosphate backbone)
What is the bond that join nucleotides together called?
Phosphodiester bond
Phosphate joins the sugars together
What is the difference between numbering the of carbons + nitrogen’s and carbons in sugar ?
The carbons in the nitrogenous bases are numbered with normal numbers
Sugar carbons are referred to as prime numbers
What did researchers know about DNA in the early 1950’s?
DNA was the genetic material
The covalent binds involved in forming a DNA strand
Who was working on the 3D structure of DNA?
Linus Pauling , Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind franklin
Who came up with the 3D structure ?
James Watson and Francis crick
What did Watson and crick say ?
DNA consists of two seperate dna polymers called strands (polynucleotide)
These two strands are twisted around each other to form a double helix
Strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous strands
