Chapter 16 Flashcards
What is fermentation ?
The production of various products
It’s. a process by which ATP is generated in the absence of oxygen
Glycolysis still occurs(couples with it)
Uses substrate level phosphorylation instead of the electron transport chain to generate ATP
What is anaerobic respiration ?
Anaerobic respiration uses the electron transport chain with a final electron acceptor pthan O2 like sulphate (SO4)
What are the two common pathways of fermentation
Alcohol fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation
What happens in anaerobic respiration ?
Uses a sulphate ion (SO4) at the end of the respiratory chain and produces H2S instead of water
In fermentation it consists of ____ plus ___ that regenerate NAD+ which can be ____ by glycolysis
Glycolysis and reactions and can be reused
What happens in alcohol fermentation ?
In alcohol fermentation , pyruvate releases CO2 and becomes acetaldhyde , the acetaldhyde than gains electrons from NADH and after gaining the electrons it becomes ethanol
Alcohol fermentation by yeast is used in brewing , winemaking and baking
2 P—— 2co2—- 2 acetaldyhde
What is lactic acid ?
Pyruvate is reduced by NADH forming lactate as the end product without the release of CO2
Used by some fungi , bacteria and is used to make cheese and yogurt
Muscle cells use this t generate ATP when O2 is scarce
Similarities in anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
Uses glycolysis to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy from food
NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis
All have final electron acceptors
What are some differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
Cellular respiration produces 32 ATP per glucose
Fermentation produces 2 ATP per glucose
What are obligate anaerobes ?
Carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of elf O2
Facultative anaerobes ?
Survive using fermentation or cellular respiration
How are glycolysis and carbs related ?
Accepts a wide range of carbs (glucose is a carb)
Proteins and glycolysis ?
Have to be digested into amino acids and the amino acids can feed glycolysis or citric acid cycle
AMINO GROUPS HAVE TO BE REMOVED
Fats and glycolysis ?
Are digested into glycerol and fatty acids
Glycerol is converted into glyceraldhyde 3 phosphate and enters glyolysis
Fatty acids are broken by beta oxidation and yield acetyl CoA
What is Phosphofructokinase
Basically Phosphofructokinase is an enzyme that is used in the 3 step of glycolysis , in this ATP is added and donates the phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate into 1,6- fructose biphosphate . The ATP leaves as (ADP)
