Chapter 5 Flashcards
What is the type of dominance where one allele completely overwhelms the other?
complete dominance
What is the type of dominance where the heterozygote has characteristics between homozygotes
incomplete dominance
What is the type of dominance where both characteristics are expressed?
codominance
What gene causes cystic fibraosis
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
What is the phenomenon where a genotype does not produce the expected phenotype?
incomplete penetrance
What is the term that refers to the percentage of individual organisms that have a particular genotype expressing the expected phenotype?
penetrance
What word means the degree to which a trait is expressed?
expressivity
What are alleles that cause death at an early stage of development?
lethal alleles
What word refers to a person having two different alleles at a locus causing a recessive phenotype?
compound heterozygote
What word refers to the type of interaction between genes at different loci?
gene interaction
What word refers to the phenomenon where one gene masks the effect of another gene?
epistasis
What is the word for the gene who does the masking?
Epistatic gene
What is the word for the masked gene?
hypostatic gene
What test involves crossing heterozygotes to determine if recessive alleles are allelic or not?
complementation test
What word refers to characteristics that are determined by autosomal genes but are expressed differently in males and females?
sex-influenced characteristics
What characteristics are encoded by autosomal genes that are expressed in only one sex?
sex-limited characteristics
What word refers to characteristics encoded in the cytoplasm?
cytoplasmic inheritance
What is the effect where genes are gathered from the father and the mother, but the mother’s genotype determines the phenotype?
Genetic maternal effect
What term refers to a different expression of genetic material depending on its origin from the male or female parent?
genomic imprinting
Changes to the DNA structure that determines the expression of genes
epigenetics
What is the phenomenon where genetic traits become expressed in a stronger way or at an earlier time as generations go by?
anticipation
What is an allele that changes expression depending on the temperature?
temperature-sensitive allele
What word means a trait that can be caused by environmental factors with the same result as genetic factors?
phenocopy
Characteristics which have a few easily distinguished phenotypes
discontinuous characteristics
Characteristics that have a wide spectra of phenotypes
continuous characteristics
What is another word for continuous characteristics?
quantitative characteristics
What word refers to characteristics encoded by genes at many loci?
polygenic characteristics
What word refers to the ability of one gene to affect multiple characteristics?
pleiotropy
What characteristics are influenced by environmental and polygenic factors?
multifactorial characteristics
