Chapter 21

Question 1

What are modifications to DNA that do not involve base sequence changing the level of transcription referred to as?

Answer 1

epigenetic marks

Question 2

what are undifferentiated cells that are capable of forming every type of cell in an organism?

Answer 2

stem cells

Question 3

What is the property of transforming to every other type of cell?

Answer 3

Pluripotency

Question 4

What are cells that are reverted back to stem cells?

Answer 4

induced pluripotent stem cells

Question 5

What is the interaction between two alleles that leads to a heritable change in the expression of one of the alleles?

Answer 5

paramutation

Question 6

What are genetically identical alleles which produce heritable differences in phenotype through epigenetic processes referred to as?

Answer 6

epialleles

Question 7

What is a particular segment of the X-chromosome that initiates the inactivation?

Answer 7

X-inactivation center

Question 8

What is the explanation for imprinted genes that states that there are different and conflicting evolutionary pressures acting on maternal and paternal alleles?

Answer 8

genetic conflict hypothesis

Question 9

What is the term for the overall pattern of chromatin modifications in a genome?

Answer 9

epigenome

Question 10

What are studies that look for associations between the presence of epigenetic changes and phenotypes?

Answer 10

epigenome-wide association studies