Chapter 3 Flashcards
What word means one of two or more alternative forms of a gene?
allele
what is the work for an inherited factor encoded by DNA?
gene
What word means a specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele?
locus
What word means a set of alleles possessed by an individual organism?
genotype
What word means an individual organism possessing two of the same alleles at a locus
homozygote
What word means an individual organism possessing two different alleles at a locus?
heterozygote
What work means an attribute or feature possessed by an organism?
characteristicWh
at word means the appearance or manifestation of a characteris?
phenotype
What work means crosses between parents that only different in a single characteristic?
monohybrid crossh
at is the first generation of a cross called?
P (parental) generation?
What is the result of the first generation of a cross called?
F1 (first filial) generation
What work leads the on genotype coming from a male and another from a female being flipped?
reciprocal crosses
What is the result after the offspring of the first generation also reproduce?
F2 (second filial) generation
What rule states that each individual diploid organism possesses two alleles for any characteristic, they separate when gametes are formed, and they separate equally?
principle of segregation
What rule says that one of the alleles will take precedence over another allele when both are present in the genotype?
concept of dominance
A cross consisting of the genotype of the son and parent
backcross
Equation to determine probability of event
P = (n!/s!T!)p^(s)q^(t) (P is probability, n is number of time, s is number of events with probability p, and t is the number of events with probability q)
What is the tool where one individual of an unknown genotype is crossed with another individual with homozygous recessive genotype?
testcross
What is the name for the allele that is the most common for a given characteristic referred to as and how is it identified
Wild type and it is signified by a + after the name of the gene (often made from the recessive gene’s name)
What is the name for combinations regarding two different characteristics?
dihybrid cross
What principle indicates that alleles at different loci separate independently of one another
principle of individual assortment
What is the equation for chi squared goodness of fit test
x^2 = (sigma)[(O-E)^2/E]
Degrees of freedom equation for chi squared test
n-1 (n is the number of
