Chapter 20 Flashcards
What is the field of genetics that attempts to understand the content, organization, function, and evolution of the genetic information contained in the whole genome
genomics
What is the study of the organization and sequence of the genetic information contained within a genome?
structural genomics
What are maps that provide a rough approximation of the locations of genes relative to the locations of other known genes
Genetic Maps or linkage maps
What are maps that are based on the direct analysis of DNA?
physical maps
What are maps created by sequencing short fragments to create a full map
map-based sequencing
What is a set of two or more overlapping DNA fragments that form a contiguous stretch
Contig
What is a sequence strategy where small clones are prepared and sequenced
whole-genome shotgun sequencing
What is the average number of times a nucleotide in the genome is sequenced
sequencing coverage
What is a site in the genome where members of a species differ in a single base pair?
single-nucleotide polymorphism
What is the specific set of genetic material on a single chromosome or part of a chromosome?
haplotype
What are the few SNP to identify a haplotype?
tag-SNPs
What are studies that use multiple SNPs across the genome to find genes of interest
Genome-wide association studies
What is an interdisciplinary field that combines molecular biology and computer science
bioinformatics
What means linking a sequence of information to the information about its function and expression, the protein t encodes, and similar genes in other species.
annotation
What is the emerging field in which genome sequences of an entire group of organisms that inhabit a common environment are sampled and determined.
metagenomics
What is the name for the bacteria that inhabit the skin and other parts of the body
microbiome
What is the name for the field that seeks to design organisms that might provide useful functions
synthetic biology
What is the field that characterizes what sequences do
functional genomics
What is the identification of all RNA molecules transcribed from a genome
transcriptome
What is the identification of all the proteins encoded by the genome
proteome
What are genes that are evolutionary related
homologous genes
What are evolutionary related genes derived from the same gene from a common ancestor
orthologs
What are evolutionary related genes derived from a duplication of a single gene in the past
paralogs
What are the regions in complex proteins that have specific shapes or functions
protein domains
What is the genomic method that examines the expression of genes
transcriptomics
What transcriptomic approach uses nucleic acid hybridization to determine expression?
microarrays
What is the visual representation of a continuous variable?
heat maps
What is another approach to transcriptomics where RNA molecules are converted to DNA and sequenced
RNA sequencing
What is the random inducement of mutations on a genome-wide basis and mapping the molecular markers completed together referred to as?
mutagenesis screening
What is the field of genomics that studies the similarities and differences in gene content, function, and organization among different organisms.
comparative genomics
What is a group of evolutionary related genes that arose through through repeated duplication and evolution of an ancestral gene
multigene gamily
What are large chromosomal regions with no protein-encoding genes
gene desert
What is the study of the proteome
proteomics
What is the effort to identify and characterize all proteins in the human body?
Human Proteome Project
What is one method to separate proteins by charge and mass
two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
What is a method to precisely determine the molecular mass of a molecule.
mass spectrometry
what is the mechanism where an antibody captures a protein to pull down any other one’s with which it reacts
affinity capture
what is the complete set of protein interactions in a cell
interactome
What is a microarray used for proteins
protein microarray
