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Genetics > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the introduction of new genetic variation into an inbred population?

A

genetic rescue

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2
Q

What is a group of interbreeding, sexually reproducing individuals that have a common set of genes?

A

mendelian population

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3
Q

What is the common set of genes within a population?

A

gene pool

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4
Q

What is the percentage of individuals within a population with a particular genotype?

A

genotypic frequency

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5
Q

What is the percentage of alleles that math a particular allele of interest?

A

allelic frequency

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6
Q

What is the hypothesis that states if the population is large, mating randomly, and immune from mutation, migration, and natural selection, then the allelic frequencies do not change and genotypic frequencies will become p^2, 2pq, and q^2 after one generation

A

hardy-weinberg law

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7
Q

What is the term for a population that exhibits the p^2, 2pq, and q^2 proportions in genotypic frequency?

A

hardy-weinberg equilibrium

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8
Q

What is the tendency for like individuals to mate?

A

positive assortative mating

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9
Q

What is the tendency for unlike individuals to mate

A

negative assortative mating

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10
Q

What is the preferential mating between related individuals?

A

inbreeding

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11
Q

What is the preferential mating between unrelated individuals?

A

outcrossing

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12
Q

What is the measurement of inbreeding?

A

inbreeding coefficient

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13
Q

What is the increased appearance of lethal and deleterious traits with inbreeding?

A

inbreeding depression

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14
Q

What is the point where frequencies no longer change due to mutation rates?

A

mutation equilibrium

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15
Q

What is the influx of genes from other populations?

A

migration/gene flow

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16
Q

What is the deviation from the expected ratio due to the limited sample size?

A

sampling error

17
Q

What is the change in allelic frequencies caused by sampling error?

A

genetic drift

18
Q

What is the population size that is equivalent to the number of breeding adults?

A

effective population size

19
Q

What is the cause of sampling error caused by an establishment of a population by a small number of individuals?

A

founder effect

20
Q

What is the cause of sampling error where a population undergoes a drastic reduction in size?

A

genetic bottleneck

21
Q

What is it called when all alleles are one allele?

A

fixation

22
Q

What is the relative reproductive success of a genotype?

A

fitness

23
Q

What is the value that represents the relative intensity of selection against a genotype?

A

selection coefficient

24
Q

What is a form selection where one allele or trait is favored over another?

A

directional selection

25
Q

What is selection against the homozygotes?

A

overdominance/heterozygote advantage

26
Q

What is the selection against heterozygotes?

A

underdominance

Genetics (12 decks)

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