Chapter 25 Flashcards
What is the introduction of new genetic variation into an inbred population?
genetic rescue
What is a group of interbreeding, sexually reproducing individuals that have a common set of genes?
mendelian population
What is the common set of genes within a population?
gene pool
What is the percentage of individuals within a population with a particular genotype?
genotypic frequency
What is the percentage of alleles that math a particular allele of interest?
allelic frequency
What is the hypothesis that states if the population is large, mating randomly, and immune from mutation, migration, and natural selection, then the allelic frequencies do not change and genotypic frequencies will become p^2, 2pq, and q^2 after one generation
hardy-weinberg law
What is the term for a population that exhibits the p^2, 2pq, and q^2 proportions in genotypic frequency?
hardy-weinberg equilibrium
What is the tendency for like individuals to mate?
positive assortative mating
What is the tendency for unlike individuals to mate
negative assortative mating
What is the preferential mating between related individuals?
inbreeding
What is the preferential mating between unrelated individuals?
outcrossing
What is the measurement of inbreeding?
inbreeding coefficient
What is the increased appearance of lethal and deleterious traits with inbreeding?
inbreeding depression
What is the point where frequencies no longer change due to mutation rates?
mutation equilibrium
What is the influx of genes from other populations?
migration/gene flow
What is the deviation from the expected ratio due to the limited sample size?
sampling error
What is the change in allelic frequencies caused by sampling error?
genetic drift
What is the population size that is equivalent to the number of breeding adults?
effective population size
What is the cause of sampling error caused by an establishment of a population by a small number of individuals?
founder effect
What is the cause of sampling error where a population undergoes a drastic reduction in size?
genetic bottleneck
What is it called when all alleles are one allele?
fixation
What is the relative reproductive success of a genotype?
fitness
What is the value that represents the relative intensity of selection against a genotype?
selection coefficient
What is a form selection where one allele or trait is favored over another?
directional selection
What is selection against the homozygotes?
overdominance/heterozygote advantage
What is the selection against heterozygotes?
underdominance
