Chapter 24 Flashcards
What is the genetic analysis of complex characteristics?
quantitative genetics
What are characteristics that are measured in whole numbers?
meristic characteristic
What is the type of quantitative characteristic where the characteristic is considered present or absent?
threshold characteristic
What is a graph of the frequencies of the different phenotypes?
frequency distribution
What is the symmetrical curve that arise when independent factors contribute to a measurement?
normal distribution
What is the group of interest?
population
What is a smaller collection of individuals within the group of interest?
sample
What is the key statistic regarding the variability of a group of measurements?
variance
What is the square root of variance?
standard deviation
What is a relation between two characteristics
correlation
What is the measurement of correlation
correlation coefficient
What is the prediction of one variable based on another?
regression
What is the slope of the regression line?
regression coefficient
What is the proportion of the total phenotypic variation that is due to genetic differences?
heritability
What is the variance in phenotype?
phenotypic variance
What are phenotypic variations caused by genetic differences?
genetic variance
What are phenotypic variations caused by environmental conditions?
environmental variance
What are phenotypic variations caused by gene effects being altered by environmental conditions?
Genetic-environmental interaction variance
What is the type of genetic variance that arises from the additive effects of genes?
additive genetic variance
What is the type of genetic variance that results from some genes having a dominant component?
dominance genetic variance
What is the type of genetic variance that results from gene interaction?
gene interaction variance
What is the value that represents the proportion of phenotypic variance caused by genetic variance?
broad-sense heritability
What is the value that represents the proportion of phenotypic variance caused by additive genetic variance
narrow-sense heritability
what are loci that code for quantitative traits?
quantitative trait loci
What is the process that arises due to the benefits of genetic material in differential reproduction between individuals with different genotypes?
natural selection
What is the form of selection that allows humans to breed individuals with idealized characteristics
artificial selection
What is the extent to which a characteristic subjected to selection changes in one generation?
response to selection
What is the phenotypic difference between parents calculated by the difference between the mean phenotype of the selected parents and the mean phenotype of the population?
selection differential
What is heritability determined by a response-to-selection experiment?
realized heritability
When is a correlation between two phenotypes of the same individual?
phenotypic correlation
What causes phenotypic correlation when the genetic traits are linked?
genetic correlation
