Chapter 5

Question 1

Integumentary system

Answer 1

Covers the body and separates the body from the external environment

Prevents the entry of harmful substances

consists of 2 major layers- Epidermis and dermis

Question 2

Epidermis

Answer 2

Made of stratified squamous keratinizing epithelial tissue

Thickest on the palms and soles

Has 4 or 5 sub layers

Question 3

Stratum Germinativum

Answer 3

Base of the epidermis in which mitosis takes place
New cells produce the protein Keratin
Contains Merkel cells-receptors for the sense of touch
Cholesterol is changed to Vitamin D on exposure to UV rays
Produces antimicrobial defensins

Question 4

Stratum Corneum

Answer 4

Outermost layer consisting of many layers of dead cells with remainder of keratin

Keratin prevents loss or entry of water

If unbroken prevents entry of pathogens and most chemicals

Question 5

Langerhans cells

Answer 5

Phagocytize foreign material and stimulate an immune response by lymphocytes

Question 6

Melanocytes

Answer 6

Produce melanin on exposure to UV rays

Question 7

Melanin

Answer 7

protects living by skin layers from further exposure to UV rays

Question 8

Dermis

Answer 8

made of an irregular type of fibrous connective tissue containing collagen and elastin

Contains accessory skin structures such as hair and nail follicles, sensory receptors, and several glands

Question 9

Papillary Layer

Answer 9

The uneven junction of the dermis

Contains capillaries that nourish the stratum germinativum

Question 10

Hair follicles

Answer 10

Made up of epidermal tissue

Hair root-base of follicle

Hair shaft- Portion of the hair that comes through the skin, made up of dead keratinized cells

Keeps dust and perspiration out, provides insulation from the cold

Pilomotor muscle- Attached to each follicle, when cold follicles go upright

Question 11

Nail follicles

Answer 11

Produces nails

Mitosis takes place in the nail root; nail bed is living tissue

Protects ends of fingers and toes from mechanical injury, assists with picking up small objects

Good for scratching

Question 12

Receptors

Answer 12

Cutaneous senses: touch, pressure, heat, cold, itch, and pain

Free nerve endings- pain, heat and cold

Encapsulated nerve endings- touch and pressure

Sensitivity is determined by how many receptors are present

Question 13

Glands

Answer 13

Made of epithelial tissue

Includes Sebaceous glands, ceruminous glands and 2 types of sweat glands

Question 14

Sebaceous glands

Answer 14

Secrets sebum (oil)- inhibits the growth of bacteria and prevents the drying of skin and hair

Question 15

Ceruminous glands

Answer 15

Located in the dermis of the ear canals

Secrete cerumen (earwax)- prevents drying of the eardrum

Question 16

Sweat glands

Answer 16

Two types apocrine and eccrine

Sweat is mostly water, made from blood plasma and is salty

Question 17

Apocrine glands

Answer 17

Found in the axillae and genital areas

Are most active in stress or emotional situations

should have no order

Question 18

Eccrine glands

Answer 18

found all over body but more numerous on the forehead, upper lip, palms and soles

Important in the maintenance of normal body temperature

Question 19

Arterioles

Answer 19

Assist in the maintenance of body temperature

Dilate in response to warmth to increase heat loss (vasodilation)

Constrict in response to cold to conserve body heat (vasoconstriction)

Question 20

Subcutaneous tissue

Answer 20

aka superficial fascia

Made of areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue

Question 21

Areolar connective tissue

Answer 21

contains collagen and elastin fibers

connects skin to muscles

contains wbcs to destroy pathogens

contains mast cells

Question 22

Adipose tissue

Answer 22

Stored energy in the form of true fats

provides cushion, provides insulation from cold

contributes to appetite and use of insuline

Brown and beige fat produce heat