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A&P > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of the body

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the function of the body

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3
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Study of disorders of functioning

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4
Q

Inorganic chemicals

A

Simple molecules made of one or two elements other than carbon

Ex:Water, Hydrogen, Sodium

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5
Q

Cells

A

Smallest units of structure and functions
200 different cells

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6
Q

Tissue

A

is a group of cells with similar structures and functions

4 types

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7
Q

Epthelial tissues

A

cover or line the body surfaces
produce secretions
Ex:outer layer of skin

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8
Q

Connective tissues

A

connect and support parts of the body, some transport or store materials
Ex:Blood, bone, cartilage, adipose tissue

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9
Q

Muscle tissues

A

Specialized for contractions, which brings movement

Ex:Skeletal and heart

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10
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

found in organs

Ex:Urinary, bladder, and stomach

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11
Q

Nerve tissue

A

Specialized to generate and transmit electrochemical impulses that regulate body functions
ex: Brain, optic nerves

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12
Q

Organ

A

group of tissues precisely arranged to accomplish functions
Ex:Kidneys, Liver, lungs, stomach

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13
Q

Organ system

A

Is a group of organs that all contribute to a particular function
Ex:Urinary system, digestive system

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14
Q

Integumentary system

A

protects body, as a barrier to pathogens
prevents excessive water loss
Ex:Ski, Subcutaneous tissue

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15
Q

Skeletal system

A

supports the body
protects internal organs and red bone marrow
provides framework to be moved by muscles
Ex: Bones, ligaments

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16
Q

Muscular system

A

moves skeleton or other body parts
produce heat
Ex: muscles, tendons

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17
Q

Nervous system

A

Decide how to use sensory information, regulates body functions such as movement

Ex:Brain, spinal cord, nerves, eyes, ears

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18
Q

Endocrine system

A

regulates body functions such as growth, regulates metabolism

Ex:Thyroid gland, pituitary gland, ovaries or testes, pancreas

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19
Q

Circulatory system

A

transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes waste products

Ex:Heart, blood, arteries, veins

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20
Q

Lymphatic System

A

returns tissue fluid to blood
destroy pathogens that enter the body and provides immunity
Ex:Spleen, lymph nodes, thymus gland

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21
Q

Respiratory

A

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood
Ex:Lungs, trachea, larynx, diaphragm

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22
Q

digestive system

A

Changes food into simple chemicals that can be absorbed and used by the body
Ex: stomach, colon, liver, pancreas

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23
Q

Organic Chemicals

A

Often very complex and always contains the elements carbon and hydrogen
ex:carbohydrates, fats, proteins and nucleic acids

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24
Q

Microbiome

A

enormous population if bacteria and other microorganisms called our microbiota

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25
Q

Biome

A

science of ecology
ex:forests, deserts

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26
Q

Cutaneous microbiome

A

population of microbes that live on the skin

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27
Q

Visceral

A

Organs within a cavity (covers)

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28
Q

Parietal

A

line to the wall of the cavity

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29
Q

Distal

A

farther from the origin

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30
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the origin

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31
Q

Peripheral

A

extending from the main part

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32
Q

Central

A

main part

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33
Q

deep

A

within

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34
Q

superficial

A

toward the surface

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35
Q

external

A

outside

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36
Q

internal

A

within

37
Q

Lateral

A

away from the midline

38
Q

Medial

A

toward the midline

39
Q

dorsal

A

toward the back

40
Q

ventral

A

toward the front

41
Q

posterior

A

toward the back

42
Q

anterior

A

toward the front

43
Q

inferior

A

below or lower

44
Q

superior

A

above or higher

45
Q

Pedal

A

foot

46
Q

plantar

A

sole of foot

47
Q

Perineal

A

pelvic floor

48
Q

scapular

A

shoulder blade

49
Q

sternal

A

breastbone

50
Q

temporal

A

side of head

51
Q

umbilical

A

navel

52
Q

Renal

A

kidney

53
Q

Sacral

A

Base of Spine

54
Q

pulmonary

A

lungs

55
Q

popliteal

A

back of knee

56
Q

Vulvar(palmar)

A

palm

57
Q

antebrachial

A

forearm

58
Q

Antecubital

A

front of elbow

59
Q

Axillary

A

armpit

60
Q

Brachial

A

upper arm

61
Q

Buccal (oral)

A

mouth

62
Q

Cardiac

A

heart

63
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

64
Q

Cranial

A

head

65
Q

Cutaneous

A

skin

66
Q

deltoid

A

shoulder

67
Q

femoral

A

thigh

68
Q

frontal

A

forehead

69
Q

Gastric

A

stomach

70
Q

Gluteal

A

buttocks

71
Q

hepatic

A

liver

72
Q

ililac

A

hip

73
Q

inguinal

A

groin

74
Q

lumbar

A

small of back

75
Q

mammary

A

breast

76
Q

occipital

A

back of head

77
Q

orbital

A

eye

78
Q

parietal

A

crown of head

79
Q

patellar

A

kneecap

80
Q

pectoral

A

chest

81
Q

nasal

A

nose

82
Q

negative feedbackback mechanism

A

body response reverses the stimulus (opposite of eachother)

83
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining internal environment while adjusting to external environment
balanced

84
Q

Metabolic rate

A

speed at which the body produces energy and heat

85
Q

metabolism

A

Chemical reactions and physical processes that take place within the body

86
Q

Positive feedback mechanism

A

does not stop or reverse but keeps sequence of events until it is interrupted but external events

87
Q

abdominal cavity

A

liver, stomach

88
Q

Pleural membrane

A

lines chest wall
pleura covers the lungs

89
Q

thoracic cavity

A

heart and lungs

A&P (17 decks)

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