Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell

A

Is the smallest living subunits of an organism

Human cells vary in size, shape and function

Human cells function interdependently to maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Major parts of the cell

A

The cell membrane
A nucleus
Cytoplasm
cell organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which cell has no nucleus?

A

Red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cell membrane

A

Outer boundary of a cell

made up of phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins

selectively permeable boundary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Role of Phospholipids in Cell membrane

A

permit lipid-soluble materials to easily enter or leave the cell by diffusion through the cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Role of Cholesterol in membrane

A

provides more stabily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Role of proteins in cell membrane

A

forms pores, carrier enzymes, self antigens and receptors sites for hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cell Nucleus

A

The control center

Made of DNA,RNA, and protein

Contains Chromosomes -23 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Watery Solution that is found between the cell membrane and nucleus and contains organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

Transport materials within the cell

Make lips

Rough ER has numerous ribosomes

Smooth ER has no ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ribosomes

A

Makes proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nucleolus

A

forms ribosomal RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Proteasomes

A

degrade damaged proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

series of flat membranous sacs

makes carbohydrates

Package materials for secretion from cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mitochondria

A

double membrane, inner membrane has folds called cristae

energy production of cell

contains own genes (37 of em)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lysosomes

A

single membrane structure

Digest foreign material in the cell

cleans things

works as the digestive system of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Centrioles

A

two rod shaped structures perpendicular to one another
organize spindle fibers during cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cilia

A

sweeps materials across the cell surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Flagellum

A

long appendage that enables the cell to move

sperm cells only human cell to have flagellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Microvilli

A

folds of the cell membrane that increases a cells surface area for absorption

21
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

gives support and shape to the cell

22
Q

Cellular transport Mechanisms

A

processes by which cells take in or secrete or excrete materials through the cell membrane

23
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

Ex: exchange of gases in the lungs or in body tissues (carbon dioxide,oxygen)

24
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water

water will move from an area with more water to an area with less water

ex:absorption of water by the small intestine or kidneys

25
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

molecules move through a membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration but they need help (uses carrier enzymes)

26
Q

active transport

A

movement of molecules from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration

ex:absorption of inorganic acids and glucose from food by the cells of the small intenstine

27
Q

Filtration

A

Movement of water and dissolved substances from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure (blood pressure)

Ex:formation of tissue fluid in capillaries throughout the body

28
Q

Phagocytosis

A

a moving cell engulfs something

Ex:White blood cells engulf bacteria

Pacman of cell

29
Q

Pinocytosis

A

A stationary cell engulfs something

Ex:cells of the kidney tubules reabsorb small proteins

think of Venus fly trap

30
Q

DNA

A

double strands of nucleotides that is the genetic code in the chromosomes

contains four bases: adenine with thymine (A-T) and guanine with cytosine (G-C)

A gene is the sequence of bases that is the code for one protein

31
Q

mRNA (Messenger RNA)

A

Single strand of nucleotide that copy’s DNA gene

contains the triplet code:three bases is the code for one amino acid (a codon)

leaves the DNA in the nucleus, enters the cytoplasm of the cell and becomes attached to ribosomes

32
Q

tRNA (transfer RNA)

A

picks up amino acids (from food) in the cytoplasm and transport them to their proper sites(triplets) among the mRNA molecule

has anticodons to match mRNA codons

33
Q

Ribosomes in protein synthesis

A

makes proteins

attach to the mRNA molecule

contain rRNA, a ribozyme that forms peptide bonds between amino acids-

34
Q

cell division

A

process of which a cell reproduces itself

35
Q

Stages of mitosis

A

interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cytokines

36
Q

Mitosis

A

one cell with diploid number of chromosomes, divides into two identical cells, each with the diploid number of chromosomes

essential for repair of tissues

37
Q

Interphase

A

Time between miotic divisions

resting stage where cells aren’t dividing

38
Q

prophase

A

1.The chromosomes coil up and become visible as short rods. Each chromosome is really two chromatids (original DNA plus its copy) still attached at a region called the centromere.
2. The nuclear membrane disappears.
3. The centrioles move toward opposite poles of the cell and organize the spindle fibers, which extend across the equator of the cell.

39
Q

Metaphase

A
  1. The pairs of chromatids line up along the equator of the cell. The centromere of each pair is attached to a spindle fiber.
  2. The centromeres now divide.
40
Q

Anaphase

A

Each chromatid is now considered a separate chromosome; there are two complete and separate sets.
2. The spindle fibers contract and pull the chromosomes, with one set pulled toward each pole of the cell.

41
Q

Telophase

A
  1. The sets of chromosomes reach the poles of the cell and become indistinct as their DNA uncoils to form chromatin.
  2. A nuclear membrane re-forms around each set of chromosomes.
42
Q

Cytokinesis

A
  1. The cytoplasm divides; new cell membrane is formed
43
Q

Meiosis

A

more complex process of cell division that results in the formation of gametes, which are egg and sperm cells

44
Q

Meiosis 1

A

Dna replication takes place, cell divides into two cells

45
Q

Meiosis 2

A

each of these cells has the diploid number of chromosomes and each divides into two cells

dna replication does not take place before meiosis 2

46
Q

oogenesis

A

meiosis taking place in the ovaries

47
Q

spermatogenesis

A

meiosis takes place in the testes

48
Q

The egg and sperm cells have ___ number of chromosomes

A

23

A&P (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions