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Physiology and Anatomy Final > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial cells

A

Thin, flattened, and tightly packed cells that replicate quickly and do not contain blood vessels. Skin cells.

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2
Q

Basement membrane

A

This membrane acts like glue, holding the epithelial tissue to other types of tissues and containing the heart.

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3
Q

Simple epithelium

A

contains one layer of cells

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4
Q

stratified epithelium

A

contains multiple layers of cells.

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5
Q

Cuboidal cells

A

Either round or square

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6
Q

Squamous cells

A

Thin and scaly, thin covering

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7
Q

Columnar cells

A

Tall and thin, large cushion

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8
Q

Goblet cells

A

Wine-glass shaped cells that secrete mucus, sweat, and other fluids to protect the mucus membranes of organs. Found in endocrine glands.

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9
Q

Pseudostratified columnar

A

Taller and shorter cells that may appear to be more than one layer because the nuclei don’t line up. However, if you look closely, you’ll see that every cell is connected to the basement membrane.

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10
Q

Simple columnar

A

Tall, thin cells that are longer than they are wide. Nuclei line up along the basement membrane. Found in the stomach and the large and small intestines. This type of cell is also able to secrete digestive fluids.

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11
Q

Simple squamous

A

Thin, flattened cells with broad, thin nuclei. Found in the walls of capillaries and vessels, body cavity membranes, and the air sacs in the lungs.

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12
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

Round or square cells with centrally located nuclei. Found in the kidneys, ovaries, and some ducts.

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13
Q

Stratified columnar

A

Several layers of cells; longer near the surface, while the cells near the basement membrane are more cuboidal.

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14
Q

Stratified squamous

A

Thick layers of tissue composed of many layers of cells. Cells near the surface are thinner while those closer to the basement membrane may appear more cuboidal. Found on the outer layers of the skin.

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15
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

Two or three layers of cuboidal cells. Found in larger ducts of the mammary, sweat, and salivary glands and in the pancreas.

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16
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

A fibrous connective tissue with very little space for matrix and high concentration of fibers. Ligaments and tendons, dermis, exterior of bones

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17
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Fat-storing tissue. Body’s energy storehouse.

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18
Q

Reticular connective tissue

A

Fibers that create spongy connective tissue found in the middle of bones. Nymph nodes, spleen, thymys, and bone marrow. Spongy

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19
Q

collagenous fibers

A

Strong fibrous connective tissue.

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20
Q

Elastic fibers

A

Stretchy fibers made up of the protein elastin that help make connective tissue stretchy.

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21
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Composed of less dense and more gel-like fluid; many organs and in blood vessels, nerves, and small spaces in muscles

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21
Q

Collagen

A

Bundled protein in the connective tissue fibers and in bone matrix.

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22
Q

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

A

The collagen stretches beyond its normal limits, leading to problems such as overly loose joints, weak blood vessels, and/or hyper-elastic skin.

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23
Q

Marfan Syndrome

A

Marfan syndrome is caused by a defect in the gene that determines the structure of connective tissue

The affected individual may be unusually tall, have long limbs and fingers, a curved spine, and a protruding chest.

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24
Q

Supportive connective tissue

A

It consists of bone and cartilage. These tissues hold you upright and keep your body’s form.

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25
Q

Spongy bone

A

Bone that contains irregular spaces.

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26
Q

Compact bone

A

Dense bone with no apparent spaces.

27
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Semi-clear cartilage with flexible connective tissue and fine matrix. Allows for bone growth.

28
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Human ear. Elastic cartilage provides flexible support to structures like the ear and nose. Flexible connective tissue with branching fibers in the matrix.

29
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Intervertebral disk. Absorbs shock and helps cushion areas with great stress like the knee and jaw. The most dense and strong type of cartilage that helps protect areas of high stress in the body.

30
Q

Fluid connective issue

A

Blood

31
Q

Plasma

A

A clear extracellular fluid found in the blood. Forms the basis of blood matrix and other cells.

32
Q

Red blood cells

A

Blood cell that carries oxygen and carbon-dioxide to and from cells.

33
Q

White blood cells

A

Blood cells that help fight infection.

34
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Also involuntary and functions in hollow organs by squeezing and regulating organ size (such as the size of the eye’s pupil).

35
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Found in the heart only. It pumps blood involuntarily (whether we think about it or not).

36
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Attached to bones and makes us move. It is a voluntary muscle, meaning that we control how and when to move these muscles.

37
Q

Nervous tissues

A

Tissue that consists of neurons and neuroglia found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. acts as a messenger delivering information between the brain and other parts of the bod

38
Q

Neuroglia

A

Protective and regulatory cells connected to neurons.

39
Q

Cell body

A

The cell body contains the nucleus and maintains cellular function.

40
Q

Axon

A

The axon sends information to other cells

41
Q

Dendrites

A

Dendrites receive the message.

42
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

is stratified with cells that can change shape from cuboidal to flattened.

43
Q

microvilli or cilia

A

can occur on the apical surface, which provide increased surface area or allow for movement across the epithelium surface.

44
Q

Glands

A

are organs that secrete.

45
Q

Exocrine glands

A

secrete through ducts

46
Q

Merocrine glands

A

(e.g., pancreas) secrete substances as they are produced,

46
Q

endocrine glands

A

release hormones that are absorbed directly into the blood.

47
Q

apocrine glands

A

(e.g., mammary glands) accumulate secretions that are released when a portion of the cell pinches off,

48
Q

Holocrine glands

A

(e.g., sebaceous glands) accumulate secretions that are released when the cell ruptures and dies.

49
Q

-blast cells

A

form the matrix

50
Q

-cyte cells

A

maintain it,

51
Q

-clast

A

cells break it down

52
Q

Fibroblasts

A

form protein fibers of many connective tissues,

53
Q

osteoblasts

A

form bone,

54
Q

chondroblasts

A

form cartilage.

55
Q

Embryonic connective tissue

A

is called mesenchyme and gives rise to adult connective tissue.

56
Q

Neurons multipolar bipolar

A

(several dendrites and an axon

57
Q

Neurons bipolar

A

(one dendrite and one axon),

58
Q

Neurons pseudo-unipolar

A

(one axon).

59
Q

Mucous membranes

A

line cavities that open to the outside and often contain mucous glands, which secrete mucus.

60
Q

Serous membranes

A

line cavities that do not open to the exterior and do not contain glands but do secrete serous fluid.

61
Q

Synovial membranes

A

are formed by connective tissue, line joint cavities, and secrete a lubricating fluid.

62
Q

Tissue repair - Primary

A

by primary union occurs when the edges of the wound are close together.

63
Q

Tissue repair - Secondary

A

Secondary union occurs when the edges are far apart.

Physiology and Anatomy Final (14 decks)

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